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Frequency dependence of the shape and CA of the droplet. The peak-to-peak value of the AC voltage is 30 V, and the minimum value of the AC voltage is 0 V. At lower frequency (lower than 10 Hz), the droplet is oscillating, two different contact angles for one frequency were recorded; one is the droplet with maximum CA labeled high and the other is the droplet with minimum CA labeled low. Reprinted with permission from [76]. Copyright (2011) American Chemical Society.
