Table 2. Results of neuropsychological tests at baseline and follow-up.
| Results of neuropsychological tests | Repeated-measures ANOVAa | |||||||||
| Pairwise comparisons | ||||||||||
| Neuropsychology | Time point | MCI-c | MCI-nc | HC | Overall | MCI-c vs. MCI-nc | MCI-c vs. HC | MCI-nc vs. HC | ||
| F | p-value | |||||||||
| Number (n) | n = 13 | n = 14 | n = 28 | |||||||
| mean±SD | mean±SD | mean±SD | ||||||||
| MMSE | Baseline | 25.2±1.7 | 27.5±1.8 | 28.6±1.2 | group | 20.8 | p<0.001 | p<0.001 | p<0.000 | p<0.040 |
| Follow-up | 25.0±1.3 | 27.8±1.9 | 29.0±1 | time | 2.49 | n.s. | --- | --- | --- | |
| verbal memoryb | Baseline | 15.4±3.2 | 18.7±3.9 | 22.3±3.4 | group | 9.18 | p<0.004 | p<0.005 | p<0.000 | p<0.004 |
| Follow-up | 14.5±2.2** | 19.7±4.1 | 22.5±2.6 | time | 2.97 | n.s. | --- | --- | --- | |
| Visual memoryb | Baseline | 5.9±3.9 | 7.2±2.6 | 9.6±1.4 | group | 9.37 | p<0.000 | n.s. | p<0.000 | p<0.004 |
| Follow-up | 4.3±3.4* | 8.5±2.6 | 9.4±1.2 | time | 8.42 | p<0.000 | p<0.000 | p<0.000 | n.s. | |
| Verbal fluency animals | Baseline | 21.6±5.2 | 30.6±8.2 | 35.8±12.9 | group | 10.73 | p<0.001 | n.s. | p<0.001 | n.s. |
| Follow-up | 21.6±5.5 | 29.9±8.0 | 36.1±12.9 | time | 2.45 | n.s. | --- | --- | --- | |
| Verbal fluencys-words | Baseline | 15.5±8.4 | 22.2±6.8 | 24.1±7.3 | group | 11.82 | p<0.005 | n.s. | p<0.004 | n.s. |
| Follow-up | 14.7±8.2* | 22.5±7.1 | 24.4±7.3 | time | 18.92 | p<0.002 | p<0.020 | p<0.001 | n.s. | |
| Clox I | Baseline | 11.6±2.5 | 12.7±2.0 | 12.9±1.8 | group | 6.37 | p<0.017 | --- | --- | --- |
| Follow-up | 10.2±2.8** | 13.6±1.1 | 12.0±3.9 | time | 8.42 | p<0.024 | p<0.016 | n.s. | n.s. | |
| BNT | Baseline | 12.9±1.8 | 14.2±1.3 | 14.6±0.9 | group | 11.72 | p<0.001 | p<0.030 | p<0.001 | n.s. |
| Follow-up | 12.3±1.9 | 13.9±1.0 | 14.7±0.5 | time | 2.12 | n.s. | --- | --- | --- | |
| Trail A | Baseline | 59.7±16.9 | 52.8±18.8 | 36.9±11.4 | group | 10.37 | p<0.005 | n.s. | p<0.001 | p<0.004 |
| Follow-up | 67.6±32.9* | 54.5±16.1 | 34.4±13.3 | time | 8.73 | p<0.014 | n.s. | p<0.004 | n.s. | |
| Trail B | Baseline | 156.9±105.9 | 122.6±52.5 | 91.5±38.6 | group | 9.27 | p<0.013 | n.s. | p<0.011 | n.s. |
| Follow-up | 159.9±161.5 | 138.2±35.3 | 99.0±53.9 | time | 3.23 | n.s. | --- | --- | --- | |
| GDS | Baseline | 10.1±6.1 | 10.3±6.5 | 9.8±5.7 | group | 1.37 | n.s. | --- | --- | --- |
| Follow-up | 9.9±5.2 | 10.2±5.3 | 9.9±6.9 | time | 2.23 | n.s. | --- | --- | --- | |
a
Repeated measures ANOVA adjusted for baseline age, education and sex,
b
CERAD battery, mean ± standard deviation, healthy controls (HC), MCI-c (MCI converters), MCI –nc (MCI non-converters), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Boston Naming Test (BNT), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), change from baseline to follow-up: **Wilcoxon Test p<0.001, *Wilcoxon Test p<0.05.