Table 3. Tobacco use by gender expression, Growing Up Today Study, 1996-2007 waves, (N= 9,434)^†.

	Cigarette smoking, risk of worse trajectory across adolescence		Chewing tobacco use, past year, any		Cigar smoking, past year, any
	Model 1a: Gender expression	Model 1b: Further adjusted for media engagement	Model 2a: Gender expression	Model 2b: Further adjusted for media engagement	Model 3a: Gender expression	Model 3b: Further adjusted for media engagement
	Prevalence odds ratio (95% confidence interval)		Prevalence risk ratio (95% confidence interval)
MALES
Gender expression
Least masculine	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]
2nd quartile	0.67 (0.53, 0.85)***	0.77 (0.61, 0.98)*	1.50 (0.95, 2.36)	1.60 (1.00, 2.54)*	1.18 (0.88, 1.58)	1.20 (0.89, 1.60)
3rd quartile	0.64 (0.49, 0.83)***	0.71 (0.55, 0.93)**	1.57 (0.96, 2.57)	1.66 (1.01, 2.73)*	1.31 (0.96, 1.78)	1.33 (0.98, 1.80)
Most masculine	0.69 (0.55, 0.87)**	0.78 (0.62, 1.00)*	1.78 (1.14, 2.79)*	1.88 (1.19, 2.97)**	1.55 (1.17, 2.06)**	1.58 (1.19, 2.09)**
FEMALES
Gender expression
Least feminine	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]	1.0 [reference]
2nd quartile	0.84 (0.71, 1.00)*	0.84 (0.70, 1.00)*	0.63 (0.36, 1.11)	0.64 (0.36, 1.13)	0.57 (0.42, 0.78)***	0.58 (0.43, 0.80)***
3rd quartile	0.74 (0.63, 0.86)**	0.70 (0.60, 0.82)***	0.92 (0.60, 1.43)	0.88 (0. 57, 1.37)	0.58 (0.45, 0.75)***	0.58 (0.45, 0.75)***
Most feminine	0.75 (0.65, 0.88)**	0.70 (0.60, 0.82)***	0.68 (0.42, 1.08)	0.60 (0.38, 0.94)*	0.61 (0.47, 0.79)***	0.59 (0.46, 0.76)***

^†Adjusted for age and race/ethnicity (white/nonwhite). Past-year chewing tobacco use measured in the 1997, 1998, 1999, and 2001 waves. Past-year cigar smoking measured in the 2001 wave. Odds ratios of following a worse smoking trajectory were calculated with ordered logistic regression with a cumulative logit link and a multinomial distribution.

^*Wald χ² P<0.05.

^**Wald χ² P<0.01.

^***Wald χ² P<0.001.