Table 1.
Sample characteristics for “at risk” and normal individuals age 65 and older with longitudinal data
| Mean T2 Residual | “At Risk” Bottom 10% |
Normal Middle 50% |
t | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 58 | 294 | ||
| Age | 74.3 (5.8) | 72.8 (5.6) | 1.87 | 0.20 |
| Proportion Female | .48 | .59 | −1.44 | −0.15 |
| Self-Rated Health | 2.6 (0.8) | 2.3 (0.9) | 2.33 | 0.25 |
| Years of Education | 16.0 (2.7) | 16.4 (3.0) | −0.89 | −0.09 |
| T1 MMSE | 27.8 (2.3) | 28.4 (1.6) | −1.86 | −0.22 |
| T2 MMSE | 27.0 (3.2) | 28.1 (1.8) | −4.01* | −0.43 |
| Scaled Scores | ||||
| Vocabulary | 13.1 (2.7) | 13.2 (2.7) | −0.39 | −0.04 |
| Digit Symbol | 11.0 (2.6) | 11.7 (2.6) | −2.13 | −0.23 |
| Logical Memory | 12.6 (3.4) | 12.5 (2.7) | 0.39 | 0.04 |
| Word Recall | 12.2 (4.2) | 12.3 (3.1) | −0.16 | −0.02 |
| T1-T2 Interval (years) | 3.8 (1.5) | 2.5 (0.9) | 8.53* | 0.91 |
| T1 Mean Cognition | −.55 (.61) | −.44 (.56) | −1.20 | −0.13 |
| T2-T1 Mean Difference | −.58 (.30) | .02 (.09) | −27.51* | −2.94 |
| T2-T1 Memory Difference | −.61 (.42) | −.03 (.37) | −8.26* | −0.95 |
| T2-T1 Speed Difference | −.42 (.44) | −.00 (.32) | −8.85* | −0.91 |
| T2-T1 Reasoning Difference | −.40 (.33) | −.05 (.34) | −4.04* | −0.52 |
| T2-T1 Space Difference | −.31 (.29) | .01 (.30) | −5.73* | −0.66 |
| T1 Within-Person SD | .59 (.29) | .48 (.22) | 2.85* | 0.31 |
*
Note: p<.01. Values in parentheses are standard deviations. MMSE is the Mini Mental State Exam (Folstein et al., 1975), and self-rated health is on a scale from 1 for excellent to 5 for poor.