Table 1.
Patient characteristics, overall and according to quality ranking of healthcare system. IMRT: intensity-modulated radiotherapy; EBRT: external beam radiotherapy
| Healthcare System Quality (column %) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1-star | 2-star | 3-star | p | |
| Overall number of patients | 48,050 | 5,125 | 23,657 | 19,268 | |
| Age | <0.001* | ||||
| 66–69 | 16,278 | 33.2 | 35.0 | 32.7 | |
| 70–74 | 17,540 | 37.5 | 36.5 | 36.3 | |
| 75–79 | 10,361 | 21.4 | 21.0 | 22.3 | |
| 80–84 | 3,315 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 7.4 | |
| 85+ | 556 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | |
| Race | <0.001** | ||||
| White | 39,915 | 78.7 | 83.1 | 84.2 | |
| Black | 4,687 | 13.9 | 9.2 | 9.3 | |
| Hispanic | 841 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | |
| Asian | 1,211 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 2.3 | |
| Other/Unknown | 1,396 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.0 | |
| Comorbidity | 0.015* | ||||
| 0 | 31,703 | 64.1 | 66.1 | 66.4 | |
| 1 | 10,856 | 23.5 | 22.7 | 22.2 | |
| 2 | 3,433 | 7.5 | 7.1 | 7.2 | |
| 3+ | 2,058 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 4.2 | |
| Clinical stage | <0.001* | ||||
| T1 | 27,559 | 57.8 | 56.3 | 58.8 | |
| T2 | 19,135 | 39.1 | 40.8 | 39.0 | |
| T3 | 1,164 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.1 | |
| T4 | 123 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | |
| Gleason Grade | <0.001* | ||||
| ≤6 | 19,668 | 41.1 | 40.3 | 43.0 | |
| 7 | 20,104 | 41.7 | 43.1 | 41.6 | |
| ≥8 | 7,685 | 17.2 | 16.6 | 15.4 | |
| Prostate Specific Antigen | <0.001* | ||||
| low (≤10 ng/ml) | 32,897 | 70.7 | 76.3 | 77.3 | |
| intermediate | 6,917 | 18.5 | 16.0 | 15.3 | |
| high (>20 ng/ml) | 3,419 | 10.8 | 7.7 | 7.4 | |
| D’Amico risk12 | <0.001* | ||||
| Low | 13,217 | 28.8 | 30.1 | 32.2 | |
| Intermediate | 16,969 | 38.6 | 39.8 | 39.5 | |
| High | 12,715 | 32.6 | 30.1 | 28.3 | |
| Year of diagnosis | 0.004* | ||||
| 2004 | 8,223 | 18.2 | 17.6 | 16.2 | |
| 2005 | 7,850 | 15.9 | 16.4 | 16.4 | |
| 2006 | 8,441 | 17.1 | 17.7 | 17.6 | |
| 2007 | 8,717 | 18.2 | 17.9 | 18.5 | |
| 2008 | 7,613 | 16.0 | 15.5 | 16.2 | |
| 2009 | 7,206 | 14.6 | 15.0 | 15.1 | |
| 25% or more of adults in census tract with a college education | 23,022 | 38.7 | 47.5 | 51.1 | <0.001* |
| Median annual household income of census tract | <0.001* | ||||
| Low (≤$40,874) | 15,976 | 45.5 | 33.9 | 29.4 | |
| Intermediate | 15,985 | 30.4 | 34.3 | 32.9 | |
| High (≥$60,105) | 15,975 | 24.1 | 31.8 | 37.7 | |
| Residing in urban area | 43,594 | 85.2 | 90.7 | 92.2 | <0.001* |
| Treatment received | <0.001** | ||||
| Open prostatectomy | 7,151 | 20.7 | 18.7 | 9.1 | |
| Robotic prostatectomy | 5,512 | 6.6 | 12.9 | 11.4 | |
| Brachytherapy | 16,375 | 20.7 | 26.2 | 48.2 | |
| IMRT | 15,869 | 41.3 | 36.4 | 27.7 | |
| EBRT | 2,578 | 10.7 | 5.8 | 3.5 | |
*
Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test;
**
Chi-squared test