Table 13.1.

A summary of known ACTN4 function in various cancers

Cancer type	Associated oncogenic factor	Observations and proposed function	References
Breast	ER Akt	Transcriptional coactivator; promote cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis	Honda et al. (1998), Khurana et al. (2011), and Vandermoere et al. (2007)
Bladder	N.D.	High ACTN4 mRNA and protein levels are found in bladder cancer; knockdown of ACTN4 attenuates bladder cancer invasive ability	Koizumi et al. (2010)
Colorectal cancer	β-Catenin	Increased ACTN4 found in 70% of colon cancer; overexpression of ACTN4 elevates colon cancer cell migration and metastasis; loss of epithelial marker, β-cadherin, in colon cancer increases β-catenin–ACTN4 association which may contribute to metastasis	Downey et al. (2011), Hayashida et al. (2005), and Honda et al. (2005)
Epithelial carcinoma	NF-κB	NF-κB and ACTN4 interact in the cytoplasm of epithelial cancer; translocate into nucleus upon EGF and TNF-D stimuli	Bolshakova et al. (2007)
Esophageal and oral cancer	N.D.	High expression of ACTN4 is found in advanced oral and neck cancers; knockdown of ACTN4 decreases oral carcinoma invasive ability; ACTN4 serves as a metastasis biomarker	Fu et al. (2007), Hatakeyama et al. (2006), and Yamada et al. (2010)
Hepatocellular carcinoma	CD81-PI4KIIβ	CD81-PI4KIIβ axis lowers hepatocellular carcinoma cell motility via sequestering ACTN4 in CD81 enriched vesicle	Mazzocca et al. (2008)
Glioblastoma	N.D.	Knockdown of ACTN4 alters cytoskeleton organization and reduces glioma motility	Henry et al. (2011) and Sen et al. (2009)
Neuroblastoma	N.D.	*Overexpression of ACTN4 in BE(2)-C human neuroblastoma cell line suppresses colony formation, tumor suppressor	*Nikolopoulos et al. (2000)
Lung carcinoma	N.D.	*Overexpression of ACTN4 (K122N) in lung carcinoma loses ACTN4 tumor suppression ability	*Menez et al. (2004)
Small cell lung cancer	N.D.	Expression of a spliced isoform of ACTN4 is found in patient with small cell lung cancer; may be considered as a diagnostic biomarker	Honda et al. (2004)
Ovary	N.D.	High expression of ACTN4 is found in advanced ovary cancer; knockdown of ACTN4 in ovary cancer reduces cell migration ability	Barbolina et al. (2008) and Yamamoto et al. (2007, 2009)
Pancreas	N.D.	High expression of ACTN4 correlates with advanced pancreatic cancer; knockdown of ACTN4 in pancreatic cancer reduces cancer invasive growth ability	Kikuchi et al. (2008) and Pan et al. (2009)

In this table, the reported ACTN4-associated cancers are updated. Asterisks mark the studies in which ACTN4 is proposed to be a tumor suppressor. ACTN4 binding partners, which have been shown to facilitate ACTN4-mediated tumorigenesis, are listed.