Table 2.
Hemodynamic variables, intracranial pressure and brain oxygenation
| Group | Baseline | Post 2 hour shock | Post resuscitation and 6 hour observation* | p-value# | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Heart rate (Beats/min) |
FFP Fast |
110.83 ± 9.83 |
182.67 ± 6.66 |
144.94 ± 7.45 |
0.27 |
| |
FFP Slow |
112.20 ± 3.12 |
215.80 ± 8.84 |
156.83 ± 7.13 |
|
| NS Fast |
108.00 ± 10.33 |
177.00 ± 17.60 |
123.51 ± 6.70 |
0.01 |
|
| NS Slow |
97.00 ± 4.11 |
204.67 ± 8.18 |
149.00 ± 6.16 |
|
|
|
MAP (mmHg) |
FFP Fast |
73.83 ± 3.59 |
31.66 ± 0.0.99 |
55.90 ± 0.93 |
0.05 |
| FFP Slow |
64.40 ± 2.69 |
34.20 ± 3.01 |
53.39 ± 0.86 |
|
|
| NS Fast |
77.50 ± 6.82 |
32.25 ± 0.95 |
52.93 ± 1.41 |
0.01 |
|
| NS Slow |
59.17 ± 3.64 |
30.00 ± 0.52 |
46.92 ± 1.30 |
|
|
|
spO2 (%) |
FFP Fast |
94.86 ± 0.40 |
92.00 ± 1.57 |
94.22 ± 0.52 |
0.06 |
| FFP Slow |
94.00 ± 0.89 |
90.00 ± 2.63 |
92.79 ± 0.49 |
|
|
| NS Fast |
94.25 ± 0.48 |
92.50 ± 3.88 |
94.05 ± 0.34 |
<0.01 |
|
| NS Slow |
94.00 ± 0.52 |
94.17 ± 1.19 |
91.37 ± 0.43 |
|
|
|
MPAP (mmHg) |
FFP Fast |
19.33 ± 1.69 |
12.17 ± 3.16 |
15.12 ± 1.26 |
<0.01 |
| FFP Slow |
16.00 ± 1.70 |
20.60 ± 4.82 |
23.11 ± 1.17 |
|
|
| NS Fast |
20.75 ± 1.32 |
14.50 ± 6.00 |
18.93 ± 0.85 |
0.66 |
|
| NS Slow |
17.33 ± 1.82 |
14.67 ± 1.99 |
20.22 ± 1.16 |
|
|
|
CVP (mmHg) |
FFP Fast |
2.50 ± 1.50 |
−3.83 ± 1.85 |
−0.07 ± 0.92 |
0.03 |
| FFP Slow |
2.40 ± 1.81 |
−0.60 ± 2.34 |
2.85 ± 0.85 |
|
|
| NS Fast |
5.00 ± 0.71 |
0.01 ± 1.78 |
3.50 ± 1.08 |
0.90 |
|
| NS Slow |
3.50 ± 1.25 |
−7.50 ± 8.56 |
3.31 ± 0.99 |
|
|
|
Cardiac Output (l/min) |
FFP Fast |
5.17 ± 0.51 |
1.85 ± 1.13 |
4.81 ± 1.50 |
0.03 |
| FFP Slow |
5.90 ± 0.27 |
2.38 ± 0.46 |
5.45 ± 1.14 |
|
|
| NS Fast |
5.65 ± 0.49 |
1.75 ± 0.15 |
4.37 ± 0.12 |
<0.01 |
|
| NS Slow |
5.77 ± 0.55 |
2.05 ± 0.37 |
6.35 ± 0.10 |
|
|
|
ICP (mmHg) |
FFP Fast |
7.33 ± 0.71 |
5.29 ± 0.97 |
9.10 ± 0.72 |
0.02 |
| FFP Slow |
3.40 ± 1.36 |
1.80 ± 1.74 |
6.36 ± 0.68 |
|
|
| NS Fast |
5.75 ± 0.48 |
5.87 ± 1.63 |
9.39 ± 0.83 |
0.11 |
|
| NS Slow |
4.00 ± 1.13 |
−0.33 ± 1.08 |
7.50 ± 0.76 |
|
|
|
Brain pO2 (mmHg) |
FFP Fast |
14.80 ± 2.63 |
7.37 ± 1.48 |
10.42 ± 2.33 |
0.87 |
| FFP Slow |
13.76 ± 2.68 |
6.20 ± 1.29 |
9.90 ± 2.28 |
|
|
| NS Fast |
12.00 ± 1.14 |
5.87 ± 1.63 |
10.32 ± 1.90 |
0.09 |
|
| NS Slow |
13.87 ± 3.65 |
8.90 ± 3.96 |
14.54 ± 1.56 |
|
|
|
Stroke volume (ml/stroke) |
FFP Fast |
47.51 ± 3.90 |
10.41 ± 0.94 |
33.26 ± 1.64 |
0.25 |
| FFP Slow |
52.55 ± 1.50 |
11.48 ± 2.88 |
35.90 ± 1.54 |
|
|
| NS Fast |
53.15 ± 5.12 |
10.10 ± 0.96 |
42.93 ± 4.63 |
0.87 |
|
| NS Slow |
58.86 ± 3.25 |
10.18 ± 2.09 |
41.92 ± 4.28 |
|
|
| SVR (dyn*s/cm 5 ) | FFP Fast |
1137.63 ± 3.34 |
1566.77 ± 163.67 |
1052.75 ± 65.90 |
0.04 |
| FFP Slow |
850.13 ± 61.00 |
1280.60 ± 149.39 |
761.63 ± 22.42 |
|
|
| NS Fast |
1059.18 ± 163.17 |
1482.81 ± 51.77 |
921.40 ± 19.42 |
<0.01 |
|
| NS Slow | 822.37 ± 107.35 | 1468.74 ± 132.93 | 573.41 ± 17.92 |
SPB: Systolic blood pressure; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; MPAP: Mean pulmonary artery pressure; CVP: Central venous pressure; ICP: Intracranial pressure; SVR: Systemic vascular resistance. (*) Estimated marginal means by the statistical model throughout the 6-hour observation phase. (#) Comparisons of same fluid type estimated means using a linear mixed model. P-values in bold indicate significant differences.