Sampling areas in Vietnam and Thailand (Panel A) and in Indonesia (Panel B). A:
Vietnamese samples (99 cattle and 1 water buffalo) were collected from nine provinces
in the northern part of Vietnam (nos. 1 to 7, Hà Nội and Ninh Binh). Numbers indicate
the names of provinces. 1, Cao Bằng; 2, Bắc Kạn; 3, Tuyên Quang; 4, Hòa Bình; 5, Lạng
Sơn; 6, Nghệ An; and 7, Thanh Hóa. Thai samples (68 cattle and 45 water buffaloes)
were bought at several grocery stores in Bangkok. B: Indonesian samples were collected
from seven provinces (Sumatra Utara, Sumatra Barat, Lampung, Yogyakarta, Java Timur,
Kalimantan Selatan and Sulawesi Selatan). The names of islands from which samples were
collected in Indonesia are shown in italics.