Table 1.
Demographic and baseline clinical characteristics of 278 HIV-infected patients admitted to the ICU, stratified according to the antiretroviral therapy used
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 278) |
Patients With ART During ICU Staya (n = 143) |
Patients Beginning ART During ICU Stay (n = 61) |
Patients Without ART During ICU Stay (n = 74) |
pb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age—mean years ± SD | 39.9 ± 10.4c | 40.4 ± 9.6 | 40.3 ± 9.3 | 38.5 ± 12.2 | 0.43 |
| Sex—male, n (%) | 199 (71.6) | 103 (72.0) | 45 (73.8) | 51 (68.9) | 0.81 |
| HIV transmission category | |||||
| Heterosexual, n (%) | 163 (58.6) | 83 (58.0) | 37 (60.7) | 43 (58.1) | 0.94 |
| Homosexual, n (%) | 43 (15.5) | 26 (18.2) | 8 (13.1) | 9 (12.2) | 0.43 |
| Injection drug user, n (%) | 37 (13.3) | 17 (11.9) | 6 (9.8) | 14 (18.9) | 0.23 |
| Other/unknown, n (%) | 35 (12.6) | 17 (11.9) | 10 (16.4) | 8 (10.1) | 0.58 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Time since HIV diagnosis median days (IR) | 92 (10–1445)d | 370 (40–1608) | 17 (5–605) | 14 (2–1445) | <0.01 |
| History of ART use previous to hospital admission, n (%) | 125 (45) | 92 (64) | 12 (20) | 21 (28) | <0.01 |
| CD4 T-cell count, median cells/mL (IR) | 39 (16–92) | 41.5 (17–94) | 26.5 (12–58) | 42 (14–117) | 0.13 |
| HIV RNA load, median log10 copies/mL (IR) | 5.39 (4.70–5.79) | 5.23 (4.28–5.77) | 5.48 (4.96–5.85) | 5.41 (5.08–5.81) | 0.11 |
| Antihepatitis C virus positive, n (%) | 43 (15.5) | 22/128 (17.2) | 3/51 (5.9) | 18/66 (27.3) | 0.01 |
| HbsAg positive, n (%) | 29 (10.4) | 13/125 (10.4) | 5/50 (10.0) | 11/66 (16.7) | 0.40 |
| Comorbidity,e n (%) | 73 (26.3) | 40 (28.0) | 10 (16.4) | 23 (31.1) | 0.12 |
| Main reason for ICU admission | |||||
| Respiratory, n (%) | 92 (33.1) | 42 (29.4) | 28 (45.9) | 22 (29.7) | 0.05 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 87 (31.3) | 48 (33.6) | 17 (27.9) | 22 (29.7) | 0.68 |
| Neurologic, n (%) | 54 (19.4) | 25 (17.5) | 13 (21.3) | 16 (21.6) | 0.70 |
| Others | 45 (16.2) | ||||
| Opportunistic infection | |||||
| Tuberculosis, n (%) | 95 (34.3) | 43 (30.1) | 24 (39.3) | 28 (37.8) | 0.30 |
| Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, n (%) | 64 (23.2) | 29 (20.3) | 17 (27.9) | 18 (25.0) | 0.48 |
| Cytomegalovirus, n (%) | 51 (18.4) | 25 (17.5) | 15 (24.6) | 11 (15.1) | 0.36 |
| Toxoplasmosis, n (%) | 49 (17.7) | 22 (15.4) | 13 (21.3) | 14 (19.2) | 0.56 |
| Cryptococcosis, n (%) | 29 (10.5) | 20 (14.0) | 4 (6.6) | 5 (6.8) | 0.14 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| APACHE II score median (IR) | 19 (15–23) | 20 (16–24) | 18 (14–12) | 18.5 (14–23) | 0.05 |
| Albumin, median g/dL (IR) | 21 (16–28) | 22 (18–29) | 21 (17–27) | 19 (15–27) | 0.03 |
| DHL, median mg/dL (IR) | 743 (459–1143) | 689 (456–1042) | 743 (443–1143) | 828 (493–1515) | 0.30 |
| Mechanical ventilation in the first day, n (%) | 153 (55.0) | 73 (51.0) | 42 (68.9) | 38 (51.3) | 0.05 |
| Survival | |||||
| In-ICU mortality, n (%) | 154 (55.4) | 76/143 (53.1) | 35/61 (57.4) | 43/74 (58.1) | 0.74 |
| Six-mo mortality, n (%) | 193 (69.4) | 98/143 (68.5) | 41/61 (67.2) | 54/74 (73.0) | 0.73 |
AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; RNA, ribonucleic acid; APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HbsAg, Hepatitis B virus surface antigen; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; SD, standard deviation; IR, interquartile range.
Patients already receiving antiretroviral therapy and continuing to receive it in the ICU;
chi-square or Kruskall-Wallis test;
mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables with normal distribution;
median and interquartile range were used for continuous variables with non-normal distribution;
diabetes mellitus, liver, or chronic renal failure, chronic cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and non–AIDS-related malignancies.