Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of variables associated with in-ICU and 6-month mortality among 278 HIV-infected patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases ICU of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo from 1996 to 2006
| ICU Mortality | Six-mo Mortality | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Crude Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
Crude Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
Adjusted Hazard Ratio (95% CI) |
| Age (per 10-year increase) | 1.04 (0.83–1.30) | 1.10 (0.97–1.24)b | ||
| Year of ICU admission (per 1-year increase) | 0.84 (0.71–0.99)a | 0.90 (0.81–0.99) | 0.95 (0.90–0.99)b | 0.92 (0.87–0.97) |
| HIV transmission category | ||||
| Heterosexual | 1.000a | 1.000b | 1.000 | |
| Homosexual | 0.41 (0.19–0.86)a | 0.64 (0.44–0.94)b | 0.69 (0.42–1.12) | |
| Injecting drug use | 1.40 (0.68–2.86)a | 1.40 (0.86–2.27)b | 1.69 (1.15–2.50) | |
| Others/unknown | 0.55 (0.26–1.19)a | 0.69 (0.46–1.04)b | 1.74 (1.21–2.71) | |
| Medical history | ||||
| CD4 T-cell count <50 cells/mm3 | 1.93 (1.17–3.19)a | 2.10 (1.17–3.76) | 1.29 (0.95–1.74)b | |
| History of ART use previous to hospital admission | 0.75 (0.47–1.21)a | 0.96 (0.72–1.28) | ||
| Use of ART during ICU stayd | 0.86 (0.50–1.47) | 0.77 (0.56–1.06)b | 0.50 (0.35–0.71) | |
| Antihepatitis C virus positive | 1.73 (0.89–3.36)a | 1.47 (0.95–2.29)b | ||
| HbsAg positive | 1.79 (0.80–4.04)a | 1.36 (0.87–2.13) | ||
| Main reason for ICU admission | ||||
| Respiratory failure | 0.68 (0.41–1.12)a | 0.65 (0.48–0.90)b | ||
| Sepsis | 4.01 (2.25–7.12)a | 3.16 (1.65–6.06) | 1.84 (1.37–2.48)b | 1.37 (1.01–1.88) |
| Opportunistic infection | ||||
| Tuberculosis | 0.76 (0.46–1.26) | 0.71 (0.52–0.96)b | ||
| Cryptococcosis | 1.94 (0.85–4.42)a | 1.52 (1.00–2.32)b | ||
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| APACHE II score >19 | 3.79 (2.28–6.30)a | 2.81 (1.57–5.04) | 2.45 (1.84–3.27)b | 2.18 (1.62–2.94) |
| Albumin <20 g/L | 2.48 (1.34–4.58)c | 1.59 (1.13–2.22)c | ||
| LDH higher than 1,000 mg/dL | 2.03 (1.12–3.67)c | 1.35 (0.95–1.93)c | ||
| Mechanical ventilation in the first 24 hours | 4.40 (2.65–7.30)a | 3.92 (2.20–6.96) | 2.29 (1.70–3.10)b | 2.25(1.65–3.07) |
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CI, confidence interval.
Variables with p < 0.2 included in the logistic regression stepwise;
variables with p < 0.2 included in the Cox proportional hazards model stepwise;
albumin and LDH were excluded because of high missing rates;
patients who were already receiving antiretroviral therapy and continued to receive it in the ICU or those who initiated antiretroviral therapy in the ICU.