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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: Radiat Res. 2014 Jul 3;182(2):211–218. doi: 10.1667/RR13495.1

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1

Radiation-induced activation of innate immunity through TLR mediated mechanisms. Irradiation (XRT) of tumor cells induces release of tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Radiation-induced release of endogenous TLR agonists or addition of exogenous TLR agonists activate dendritic cells and prime specific T-cell responses against TAA. Activated T-cells target TAA expressing tumor cells as well as stromal cells cross-presenting antigens released from irradiated tumor cells. Dotted lines represent radiation-induced effects on cells.