Table 1.

Risk factors for M. tuberculosis infections in the general population.

(1) Human immunodeficiency virus infection

(2) Diabetes mellitus

(3) Hematologic malignancy and solid tumors

(4) Solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

(5) End-stage renal disease

(6) Chronic liver disease

(7) Collagen vascular and autoimmune disorders

(8) Chronic and industrial lung diseases such as silicosis

(9) Tobacco smoking

(10) Alcoholism

(11) Use of illicit drugs

(12) Climate and travel

(13) Malnutrition

(14) Pregnancy

(15) Old age

(16) Imprisonment

(17) Genetic predisposition to M. tuberculosis infection

(18) Recent exposure to a patient with contagious tuberculosis

M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.