Figure 1. Mechanism of Action of Microbicide Agents.

Figure 1 depicts the proposed mechanism antiviral activity of microbicides overlaid on an image of vaginal wall histology. Blue staining represents cell nuclei and red staining represents CD4⁺ cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed by the Translational Pathology Laboratory at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. DPV=Dapivirine, HIV RT= HIV reverse transcriptase, TFV=Tenofovir, TFV-DP=Tenofovir-diphosphate.