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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: Child Dev. 2011 Oct 17;82(6):1834–1849. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01660.x

Table 3. Conversational Partner Categories.

Person Mean hours per day Definition
Both parents 3.27 Both parents present, regardless of the presence of other individuals
Mother only 4.41 Mother present and father absent, regardless of the presence of other individuals
Father only 0.88 Father present and mother absent, regardless of the presence of other individuals
Grandparents 0.10 Grandparents present and parents absent, regardless of the presence of other individuals
Grandmother 0.40 Grandmother only present and parents absent, regardless of the presence of other individuals
Siblings 0.18 Playing with siblings, regardless of the presence of friends and cousins
Teacher 1.10 Interacting with teacher or teachers at childcare
Babysitter 0.35 At babysitter care
Friends 0.26 Playing with friends
Alone 0.07 Child alone (e.g., watching TV, resting)
Other relative 0.16 Uncles, aunts, or cousins and absence of the previously mentioned people