Schemes for APTw image acquisition: a) Minimal two-offset APT scan (+3.5 ppm for label, –3.5 ppm for reference); b) Six-offset APT scan (±3, ±3.5, ±4 ppm). The effects of conventional MT and direct water saturation reduce the water signal intensities at all offsets (±3, ±3.5, ±4 ppm), and the existence of APT causes an extra reduction around 3.5 ppm. Reproduced from reference (123) with permission.