FIG. 1.

Voxel-wise nonparametric statistical comparison between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients and controls, with corrections for multiple voxel-wise comparisons using threshold-free cluster enhancement. This analysis was used to compare (A) 76 mTBI patients to 50 controls, (B) the subgroup of 32 computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI)-positive mTBI patients to the 50 controls, and (C) the subgroup of 44 CT/MRI-negative patients to the 50 controls. Voxel clusters with statistically significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) between mTBI and control groups at p<0.05 are shown in red/orange/yellow, with yellow denoting greater statistical significance. (A) shows that the 76 mTBI patients demonstrated significantly lower FA in the genu of the corpus callosum, uncinate fasciculi, and anterior corona radiata bilaterally as well as right internal and external capsules, compared to the 50 control subjects. (B) In a comparison of a much smaller subgroup of 32 CT/MRI-positive mTBI patients to the 50 controls, areas of reduced FA were even more extensive and attained much higher levels of statistical significance (yellow regions, corresponding to p<0.01) than in the comparison of 76 mTBI patients to the control group (mostly red/orange areas, corresponding to p<0.05, in [A]). (C) shows that this method demonstrated no evidence for white matter injury in 44 CT/MRI-negative mTBI patients, compared to the 50 controls. Color image is available online at www.liebertpub.com/neu