FIG. 2.

Voxel-wise nonparametric statistical comparison between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) patients without previous history of substance abuse or other neuropsychiatric disorder and controls, with corrections for multiple voxel-wise comparisons using threshold-free cluster enhancement. This analysis was used to compare (A) 37 mTBI patients without pre-existing substance abuse or neuropsychiatric history to 50 controls, (B) the subgroup of 17 computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI)-positive mTBI patients to the 50 controls, and (C) the subgroup of 20 CT/MRI-negative patients to the 50 controls. Voxel clusters with statistically significant differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) between mTBI and control groups at p<0.05 are shown in red/orange/yellow, with yellow denoting greater statistical significance. (B) shows that CT/MRI-positive mTBI patients without substance abuse or neuropsychiatric history demonstrated significantly lower FA in the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsules, external capsules, uncinate fasciculi, genu of the corpus callosum, and anterior corona radiata bilaterally. In contrast, (C) shows that this method demonstrated no evidence for white matter injury in CT/MRI-negative mTBI. Color image is available online at www.liebertpub.com/neu