. 2014 Sep 1;31(17):1457–1477. doi: 10.1089/neu.2013.3171

Table 4.

Group Differences in 3- and 6-Month Outcome Measures between 32 CT/MRI-Positive mTBI and 44 CT/MRI-Negative mTBI Patients

	CT/MRI-negative (no acute traumatic intracranial abnormality or depressed skull fracture on CT or conventional MRI) (44 subjects)		CT/MRI-positive (acute traumatic intracranial abnormality or depressed skull fracture on CT and/or conventional MRI) (32 subjects)		Analysis for group differences between CT/MRI negative, CT/MRI positive
3-month outcome measure
	Score	Number of patients	Score	Number of patients
3-month GOS-E^a	4	1	4	0	U=485; Z=−1.4; p=0.17	Mann-Whitney U test
	5	6	5	3
	6	3	6	10
	7	13	7	8
	8	18	8	8
6-month outcome measures
6-month GOS-E^b	4	1	4	0	U=459; z=−0.67; p=0.52	Mann-Whitney U test
	5	4	5	3
	6	7	6	7
	7	13	7	9
	8	14	8	7
RPQ-3^b Median (25%, 75%)	2.0 [0.0,4.0]		1.5 [0.0,4.3]		U=467; z=−0.55; p=0.59	Mann-Whitney U test
RPQ-13^b Median (25%, 75%)	7.0 [4.0,16.0]		14.0 [3.3,21.0]		U=441; z=−0.89; p=0.38
CVLT-II scaled score^c	54±11		57±9		t(55)=0.91; p=0.37	Two-tailed t-test
WAIS IV PSI^d percentile	58%±28%		62%±27%		t(57)=0.45; p=0.65
TMT A^e
• Time (sec)	31±13		30±9		t(59)=−0.37; p=0.71	Two-tailed t-test
• Time (z-score)	0.68±1.45		0.50±1.29		t(59)=−0.51; p=0.62
• TMT A >2 SDs above mean	Yes	7	Yes	3	U=417; z=−0.88; p=0.38	Mann-Whitney U test
	No	28	No	23
TMT B^e
• Time (sec)	65±27		69±27		t(59)=0.51; p=0.61	Two-tailed t-test
• Time (z-score)	0.93±1.75		1.09±1.94		t(59)=0.34; p=0.74
• TMT B >2 SDs above mean	Yes	8	Yes	8	U=419; z=−0.69; p=0.56	Mann-Whitney U test
	No	27	No	18

^{^a}

Three CT/MRI-negative mTBI and 3 CT/MRI-positive mTBI patients did not complete 3-month GOS-E evaluation.

^{^b}

Five CT/MRI-negative mTBI and 6 CT/MRI-positive mTBI patients did not complete 6-month GOS-E, RPQ-3, or RPQ-13.

^{^c}

Eleven CT/MRI-negative mTBI and 8 CT/MRI-positive mTBI patients did not complete 6-month CVLT-II.

^{^d}

Ten CT/MRI-negative mTBI and 7 CT/MRI-positive mTBI patients did not complete 6-month WAIS IV.

^{^e}

Nine CT/MRI-negative mTBI and 6 CT/MRI-positive mTBI patients did not complete 6-month TMT A or TMT B.

CT, computed tomography; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; mTBI, mild traumatic brain injury; GOS-E, Glasgow Outcome Scale – Extended; CVLT-II, California Verbal Learning Test–Second edition; RPQ, Rivermead Postconcussion Symptoms Questionnaire; TMT, Trail Making Test; SD, standard deviation; WAIS IV PSI, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth edition, Processing Speed Index.