Table 1.
Data and methods of reviewed articles on environment-migration behavior
| Henry, Schoumaker, Beauchemin (2004) | Fussell, Sastry, & VanLandingham (2010) | Gray and Mueller (2012) | Hunter et al (2013) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Environmental measures | Rainfall measures: average rainfall and rainfall variability. Community-level variables: uncleared land available, all-season road, water conservation techniques | Exposure to flooding: Flood-depth used to stratify sample and respondents’ reports of housing damage | Exposure to flooding and non-flooding-related crop failure at household and subdistrict scales | Natural capital availability, measured with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (greenness) |
| Geography | Burkina Faso | City of New Orleans | Rural Bangladesh | South African homeland |
| Migratory behavior | Adult (15+) household members’ first migration out of village lasting more than three months; binomial and multinomial dependent variables | Adult (18+) permanent internal/return migration to New Orleans since 8/29/2005; binomial dependent variable | Adult (age 15 to 40) household members’ permanent short- or long-distance migration; multinomial dependent variable | Adult (15+) household members’ temporary and permanent out-migration in the previous 12 months; binomial and count dependent variables |
| Sampling design | Nationally representative survey linked with survey of 600 settlements | Stratified random sample of households by flood depth | Random sample of households within non-randomly selected villages | Household census of all villages in homeland |
| Temporal design | Cross-sectional, using retrospective measures referencing respondents’ life history from age 6 | Cross-sectional, using retrospective measures referencing period since Hurricane Katrina (8/29/2005) | Panel design, using retrospective measures referencing period since previous survey or age 15 | Cross-sectional, using retrospective questions referencing past 12 months |
| Statistical methods | Hazard analysis with Huber-White standard errors | Hazard analysis with weights | Hazard analysis with fixed-effects | Multi-level Poisson regression with random- effects |