Btla−/− mice have lower CD8 T effector and memory cell generation. A) WT and Btla−/− mice were infected i.p. with 5×105 CFU Listeria-OVA. Seven days later, splenocytes were isolated and endogenous CD8+ OVA -tetramer+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. B) WT and Btla−/−−/− mice were primarily infected i.p. with 1×104 CFU Listeria-OVA. Two months later, mice were re-challenged with 5×106 CFU Listeria-OVA. Seven days later, splenocytes were isolated and endogenous CD8+ OVA -tetramer+ cells and intracellular IFNγ were analyzed by flow cytometry. C) Same as in A, ten and twenty days after infection, splenocytes were isolated and endogenous CD8+ OVA-tetramer+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. D) Same as in A and B, three days after infection the bacteria burden in the spleen and liver was tested. The results are representative of five independent experiments, four to five mice in each group and data are represented as mean +/− SEM. See also Figure S2.