Table 1. Crude Distribution of Potential Risk Factors Across the Grades of dVRS in BG*.
| Total (N = 1090) | Grade 1 (N = 200) | Grade 2 (N = 575) | Grade 3 (N = 247) | Grade 4 (N = 68) | P value | |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 60.4(11.2) | 56.0(11.3) | 59.2(10.5) | 64.2(10.8) | 70.5(6.5) | <0.0001 |
| Age ≥65 years | 38.7(422) | 23.5(47) | 32.3(186) | 52.2(129) | 88.2(60) | <0.0001 |
| Gender (Male) | 71.8(783) | 73.0(146) | 71.3(410) | 72.1(178) | 72.1(49) | 0.97 |
| Current or previous smoker | 55.1(601) | 62.0(124) | 57.7(332) | 48.6(120) | 36.8(25) | <0.0001 |
| heavy drinker | 6.3(69) | 5.0(10) | 6.8(39) | 6.9(17) | 4.4(3) | 0.72 |
| Hypertension | 79.1(861) | 74.0(148) | 79.6(457) | 79.8(197) | 86.8(59) | 0.13 |
| History of hypertension | 66.9(722) | 59.6(118) | 66.4(378) | 70.6(173) | 79.1(53) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 37.6(409) | 41.5(83) | 37.5(215) | 36.7(90) | 30.9(21) | 0.44 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 17.0(164) | 15.3(27) | 20.0(103) | 13.9(29) | 8.3(5) | 0.04 |
| Ischemic heart diseases | 9.8(102) | 10.2(20) | 10.1(56) | 9.7(22) | 6.3(4) | 0.82 |
| previous ischemic stroke | 26.3(286) | 19.5(39) | 25.0(144) | 32.1(79) | 35.3(24) | 0.006 |
| previous stroke | 27.7(302) | 22.0(44) | 26.1(150) | 33.3(82) | 38.2(26) | 0.009 |
| NIHSS score at admission ≤3 | 42.2(457) | 33.0(66) | 42.3(243) | 46.7(113) | 52.2(35) | 0.008 |
| Leukoaraiosis | 95.9(1045) | 91.0(182) | 95.5(549) | 99.6(246) | 100(68) | <0.0001 |
| Fazekas score ≥3 | 50.2(547) | 31.5(63) | 43.8(252) | 68.4(169) | 92.6(63) | <0.0001 |
| Lacune | 44.7(468) | 34.7(67) | 41.2(228) | 53.8(126) | 71.2(47) | <0.0001 |
| Number of Lacune, median (IQR) | 0(0–2) | 0(0–1) | 0(0–1) | 1(0–3) | 2(0–4) | <0.0001 |
| Small-artery occlusion subtype† | 33.9(369) | 27.0(54) | 35.0(201) | 35.6(88) | 38.2(26) | 0.14 |
Abbreviations: dVRS, dilated Virchow-Robin Spaces; BG, basal ganglia; SD, standard deviation; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health stroke scale; IQR, interquartile range.
*All data are presented as percentage (no.) unless otherwise indicated.
†
It is contrary to large-artery atherosclerosis subtype of ischemic stroke according to Stop Stroke Study Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (SSS-TOAST) classification criteria.