Table 3. Crude Distribution of Potential Risk Factors Across the Grades of dVRS in WM after removing 149 patients with Grade 3 PWMH or Grade 3 DWMH*.
| Total (N = 941) | Grade 1 (N = 139) | Grade 2 (N = 293) | Grade 3 (N = 299) | Grade 4 (N = 210) | P value | |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 59.2(11.0) | 58.2(12.2) | 58.8(11.4) | 59.6(10.5) | 59.7(10.5) | 0.47 |
| Age ≥65 years | 32.8(309) | 32.4(45) | 31.7(93) | 33.4(100) | 33.8(71) | 0.96 |
| Gender (Male) | 72.2(679) | 71.9(100) | 67.6(198) | 73.6(220) | 76.7(161) | 0.14 |
| Current or previous smoker | 56.5(532) | 67.6(94) | 53.2(156) | 56.2(168) | 54.3(114) | 0.03 |
| Heavy drinker | 7.0(66) | 7.2(10) | 4.8(14) | 7.4(22) | 9.5(20) | 0.23 |
| Hypertension | 78.8(741) | 67.6(94) | 78.8(230) | 78.6(235) | 86.7(182) | <0.0001 |
| History of hypertension | 66.0(614) | 44.9(62) | 65.0(186) | 68.1(203) | 78.0(163) | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 39.1(367) | 38.8(54) | 36.9(108) | 40.5(121) | 40.4(84) | 0.80 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 17.2(143) | 20.0(25) | 14.0(36) | 17.2(45) | 19.9(37) | 0.32 |
| Ischemic heart diseases | 9.6(87) | 8.8(12) | 6.7(19) | 12.8(37) | 9.7(19) | 0.10 |
| Previous ischemic stroke | 23.2(218) | 18.0(25) | 21.2(62) | 27.5(82) | 23.3(49) | 0.12 |
| Previous stroke | 24.4(229) | 19.4(27) | 22.2(65) | 29.2(87) | 23.8(50) | 0.09 |
| NIHSS score at admission ≤3 | 42.4(397) | 26.1(36) | 40.6(119) | 45.3(135) | 51.7(107) | <0.0001 |
| Leukoaraiosis | 95.2(896) | 90.6(126) | 95.2(279) | 96.3(288) | 96.7(203) | 0.04 |
| Fazekas score ≥3 | 42.3(398) | 34.5(48) | 38.9(114) | 44.1(132) | 49.5(104) | 0.02 |
| Lacune | 40.3(366) | 35.1(47) | 39.6(112) | 41.5(120) | 42.9(87) | 0.51 |
| Number of lacune, median (IQR) | 0(0–1) | 0(0–1) | 0(0–2) | 0(0–1) | 0(0–2) | 0.34 |
| Small-artery occlusion subtype† | 31.9(300) | 33.8(47) | 34.8(102) | 26.8(80) | 33.8(71) | 0.15 |
Abbreviations: dVRS, dilated Virchow-Robin Spaces; WM, white matter; SD, standard deviation; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health stroke scale; PWMH, periventricular white matter hyperintensities; DWMH, deep white matter hyperintensities. IQR, interquartile range.
*All data are presented as percentage (no.) unless otherwise indicated.
†
It is contrary to large-artery atherosclerosis subtype of ischemic stroke according to Stop Stroke Study Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (SSS-TOAST) classification criteria.