Figure 4. The Gaussian relationship (Y = α×exp(−(X−X0)²/2b)) between Pityophthorus juglandis catches and temperature (°C).

(A) Female: N = 855, F = 63.38, P<0.001, α = 6.23, b = 5.11, X ₀ = 26.16, adj. R ² = 0.89; (B) Male: N = 855, F = 28.87, P<0.001, α = 4.37, b = 5.89, X ₀ = 26.87, adj. R ² = 0.79. Blue □: Outliers; Red ◯: Data points used to fit curves. These points were the greatest values of trap catches from each of the temperature classes [28].