Figure 5. Electrophysiological effects of RI with mild renal insufficiency on AF and antegrade Wenckebach point (n = 5).

Effects of embolization versus sham operation on antegrade Wenckebach point (A), ventricular rate during AF (B) and atrial rate during AF (C). Representative right atrial potentials and ECG recordings after 10 seconds of rapid atrial pacing at baseline and with RI after 2 weeks of embolization in the model group (D).