Table 2.
Frequency of DSM-IV PDs evaluated by PDQ-4+ in 3075 psychiatric outpatients
| Number of items | Cutoff score a | N | % | 95% CI | Sensitivity | Specificity | Kappa value b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any PDs (PDQ-4+ diagnosis) | - | - | 2570 | 83.6% | 82.3%-84.9% | - | - | - |
| Any Cluster A PD | - | - | 1818 | 59.1% | 57.4%-60.9% | - | - | - |
| Paranoid PD | 7 | ≥4 | 1317 | 42.8% | 41.1%-44.6% | 71.58% | 58.99% | 0.08 |
| Schizoid PD | 7 | ≥4 | 663 | 21.6% | 20.1%-23.0% | 63.41% | 79.59% | 0.10 |
| Schizotypal PD | 9 | ≥5 | 1073 | 34.9% | 33.2%-36.6% | 78.16% | 66.37% | 0.07 |
| Any Cluster B PD | - | - | 1767 | 57.5% | 55.7%-59.2% | - | - | - |
| Histrionic PD | 8 | ≥5 | 992 | 32.3% | 30.6%-33.9% | 75.71% | 68.75% | 0.06 |
| Narcissistic PD | 9 | ≥5 | 873 | 28.4% | 26.8%-30.0% | 71.08% | 72.79% | 0.08 |
| Borderline PD | 9 | ≥5 | 1321 | 43.0% | 41.2%-44.7% | 79.78% | 59.30% | 0.10 |
| Antisocial PD | 8 | ≥4 | 691 | 22.5% | 21.0%-23.9% | 72.22% | 77.82% | 0.03 |
| Any Cluster C PD | - | - | 2215 | 72.0% | 70.4%-73.6% | - | - | - |
| Avoidant PD | 7 | ≥4 | 1667 | 54.2% | 52.5%-56.0% | 89.16% | 48.87% | 0.11 |
| Dependent PD | 8 | ≥5 | 924 | 30.0% | 28.4%-31.7% | 70.33% | 71.18% | 0.08 |
| Obsessive-compulsive PD | 8 | ≥4 | 1685 | 54.8% | 53.0%-56.6% | 81.97% | 47.43% | 0.08 |
Note
a
Cutoff score: Each PD is determined by its own diagnostic threshold according to the DSM-IV.
b
Comparison of positive and negative results by self-report and structured interview.