Table 2.
Associations* between number of somewhat, very, or extremely upsetting events reported during the past 12 months with medical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes
| Binary outcomes | Number of somewhat, very, or extremely upsetting events† |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≥ 1 (n=332) | ≥ 2 (n=233) | ≥ 3 (n=166) | ≥ 4 (n=100) | |
| Treatment failure (loss of glycemic control) |
||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.33 (0.91, 1.96) | 1.22 (0.81, 1.85) | 1.27 (0.81, 1.98) | 1.41 (0.84, 2.36) |
| P-value | 0.1450 | 0.3395 | 0.3019 | 0.1948 |
|
| ||||
| Hypertension | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.05 (0.69, 1.58) | 1.07 (0.69, 1.67) | 1.04 (0.64, 1.69) | 0.94 (0.54, 1.65) |
| P-value | 0.8350 | 0.7544 | 0.8795 | 0.8364 |
|
| ||||
| Triglycerides dyslipidemia | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.05 (0.69, 1.60) | 0.91 (0.58, 1.44) | 0.93 (0.56, 1.52) | 0.83 (0.47, 1.49) |
| P-value | 0.8237 | 0.6918 | 0.7581 | 0.5371 |
|
| ||||
| Oral medication adherence < 80% | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.58 (1.06, 2.38) | 2.01 (1.29, 3.14) | 2.33 (1.42, 3.81) | 2.70 (1.50, 4.85) |
| P-value | 0.0265 | 0.0021 | 0.0008 | 0.0009 |
|
| ||||
| Depressive symptoms | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | 2.07 (1.00, 4.27) | 2.43 (1.16, 5.13) | 2.65 (1.22, 5.75) | 4.06 (1.81, 9.11) |
| P-value | 0.0503 | 0.0193 | 0.0134 | 0.0007 |
|
| ||||
| Impaired quality of life | ||||
| OR (95% CI) | 1.77 (0.94, 3.35) | 2.04 (1.05, 3.96) | 2.28 (1.13, 4.61) | 3.51 (1.66, 7.41) |
| P-value | 0.0793 | 0.0368 | 0.0209 | 0.0010 |
*
Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval, and p-values from a model adjusted for sex. The reference category for number of upsetting events is combination of (a) event did not occur in past year and (b) event occurred but was rated not at all or a little upsetting.
†
Category ≥ 2 is a subset of category ≥ 1, and so on.