Table 1.

Four categories of behaviour outcomes as proposed by Hardeman et al.[35]

Intervention	The four categories of behaviour outcomes (with examples)
	Determinant of behaviour	Behaviour outcomes	Physiology and biochemical outcomes	Health outcomes
Community pharmacy smoking cessation	1. Knowledge	Cessation of smoking	Improvements in lung capacity	Incidence rates for lung cancer
	2. Skills			General physical or mental health (e.g. SF8, GHQ-12)
	3. Social role and identity
	4. Beliefs about capability			Health-related quality of life (e.g. EQ5D)
	5. Beliefs about consequences
	6. Motivation			Health service use (e.g. GP visits)
	7. Cognitive and decision processes
	8. Environment
	9. Social influences
	10. Emotion
	11. Behavioural regulation
Community pharmacy alcohol screening and intervention	1. Knowledge	Reduced score on the Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST) demonstrating a reduction in alcohol intake	Improved liver function, reduced drinking, fewer alcohol-related sequelae	Incidence rates for liver disease
	2. Skills			General physical or mental health (e.g. SF8, GHQ-12)
	3. Social role and identity
	4. Beliefs about capability			Health-related quality of life (e.g. EQ5D)
	5. Beliefs about consequences	Change in alcohol intake
	6. Motivation	Change in occasions of binge drinking?		Health service use (e.g. GP visits)
	7. Cognitive and decision processes
	8. Environment
	9. Social influences
	10. Emotion
	11. Behavioural regulation
Community pharmacy weight management	1. Knowledge	Physical activity	Weight loss, reduction of BMI, reduction in waist circumference	Cardiovascular risk score
	2. Skills	Dietary intake		Incidence rates for CVD
	3. Social role and identity			General physical or mental health (e.g. SF8, GHQ-12)
	4. Beliefs about capability			Health-related quality of life (e.g. EQ5D)
	5. Beliefs about consequences			Health service use (e.g. GP visits)
	6. Motivation
	7. Cognitive and decision processes
	8. Environment
	9. Social influences
	10. Emotion
	11. Behavioural regulation