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. 2014 Aug 12;15:12. doi: 10.1186/s12932-014-0012-y

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Copyright © 2014 Gilhooly et al.; licensee Chem Central

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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The film-method captured the highly variable sulfide flux across the hydrothermal sites. (a) The undulating surface of ripple marks and the position of the sediment water interface were retained on films. (b) White filamentous material indicates the position of the sediment and the sulfide-staining above the interface indicates sulfide diffusion directly into the bottom waters. (c) Gas plumes imprinted on a film placed near an active vent mound within 30 minutes and (d) after 23 hours.