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. 2014 Jul 28;6(8):2987–2999. doi: 10.3390/nu6082987

Table 2.

Relations of intake of sugar-sweetened beverages with plasma 25(OH)D concentrations.

Sugar-sweetened beverages (Servings/week) n Crude Adjusted 1
25(OH)D (nmol/L) mean (95% CI), p 2 25(OH)D (nmol/L) mean (95% CI), p 2
Total of all colas 3
 Never 319 67.5 (65.3–69.6), ref. 67.0 (65.2–68.9), ref.
 <1 271 63.6 (61.3–65.9), 0.02 63.7 (61.8–65.7), 0.02
 1–3 103 66.0 (62.3–65.9), 0.51 64.7 (61.4–67.9), 0.21
 >3 46 54.4 (48.9–60.0), <0.0001 58.5 (53.4–63.6), 0.003
Spearman r (p) −0.13 (0.0004) −0.11 (0.004)
Spearman r (p) 4 −0.11 (0.005)
Other sweet carbonated beverages
 Never 327 66.4 (64.3–68.5), ref. 66.1 (64.3–67.9), ref.
 <1 328 64.1 (62.0–66.3), 0.14 64.1 (62.3–65.8), 0.12
 ≥1 85 62.6 (58.4–66.7), 0.11 63.7 (60.0–67.4), 0.26
Spearman r (p) −0.08 (0.03) −0.06 (0.10)
Spearman r (p) 4 −0.06 (0.13)
Sweet fruit drinks
 Never 375 65.9 (63.9–67.8), ref. 65.4 (63.6–67.0), ref.
 <1 263 63.2 (60.8–65.5), 0.08 64.0 (62.0–68.8), 0.31
 ≥1 101 66.2 (62.4–70.0), 0.87 65.6 (62.3–68.8), 0.91
Spearman r (p) −0.04 (0.33) −0.03 (0.48)
Spearman r (p) 4 −0.03 (0.47)
Total of all sugar-sweetened beverages 5
 Never 130 66.5 (63.1–69.9), ref. 65.5 (62.6–68.4), ref.
 <1 304 65.1 (62.9–67.3), 0.49 65.7 (63.8–67.6), 0.91
 1–3 154 64.6 (61.5–67.7), 0.42 63.8 (61.1–66.4), 0.38
 >3 148 64.0 (60.8–67.1), 0.28 64.3 (61.4–67.1), 0.56
Spearman r (p) −0.09 (0.02) −0.06 (0.09)
Spearman r (p) 4 −0.07 (0.08)

Abbreviations: 25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D, ref. = reference group. 1 Adjusted for age, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, physical activity, alcohol intake, total vitamin D, calcium and caloric intakes, season at blood sample, smoking status and education. 2 p values obtained from generalized linear models with t test comparison between means of 25(OH)D concentrations for each category of sugar-sweetened beverages intake and the reference group. 3 Including regular colas and caffeine free colas. 4 Including skim milk, 1% and 2% milk and full cream milk. 5 Including regular colas, caffeine free colas, other carbonated beverages and sweet fruit drinks.