Figure 2.

Schematic presentation of the Nrf2 pathway. When oxidants, such as ROS, RNS and dietary phytochemical compounds react with redox reactive cysteines in Keap1, Nrf2 will be released from Keap1, allowing Nrf2 to be translocated into the nucleus. In the nucleus, Nrf2 dimerizes with Maf protein and bind to ARE, which is located in the promoter of the phase II and antioxidative genes, triggering the transcription of ARE-regulated genes. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1); musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma (Maf); antioxidant response element (ARE); NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1); glutathione S-transferase (GST); glutathione peroxidase (GPX); heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).