Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants
| Portions of fruit and vegetables eaten on the previous day | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | 0− <1 | 1 − <3 | 3 − <5 | 5 − <7 | 7+ | |
| N (%) | 65 226 | 9897 (15.2) | 20 132 (30.9) | 18 916 (29.0) | 10 244 (15.7) | 6037 (9.3) |
| Age | ||||||
| Mean Age, years (SD) | 56.6 (14.3) | 54.2 (14.4) | 56.9 (14.7) | 57.6 (14.4) | 57.1 (13.7) | 55.3 (12.8) |
| 35–44, n (%) | 16 865 (25.9) | 3248 (32.8) | 5306 (26.4) | 4455 (23.6) | 2337 (22.8) | 1519 (25.2) |
| 45–54, n (%) | 14 610 (22.4) | 2414 (24.4) | 4385 (21.8) | 4050 (21.4) | 2282 (22.3) | 1479 (24.5) |
| 55–64, n (%) | 14 130 (21.7) | 1765 (17.8) | 4082 (20.3) | 4233 (22.4) | 2499 (24.4) | 1551 (25.7) |
| 65–74, n (%) | 10 829 (16.6) | 1319 (13.3) | 3309 (16.4) | 3366 (17.8) | 1837 (17.9) | 998 (16.5) |
| 75+, n (%) | 8792 (13.5) | 1151 (11.6) | 3050 (15.2) | 2812 (14.9) | 1289 (12.6) | 490 (8.1) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male, n (%) | 28 974 (44.4) | 4902 (49.5) | 9276 (46.1) | 8059 (42.6) | 4241 (41.4) | 2496 (41.3) |
| Social Class | ||||||
| Non-manual, n (%) | 31 275 (47.9) | 3318 (33.5) | 8834 (43.9) | 9684 (51.2) | 5769 (56.3) | 3670 (60.8) |
| Manual, n (%) | 26 583 (40.8) | 5071 (51.2) | 8905 (44.2) | 7176 (37.9) | 3574 (34.9) | 1857 (30.8) |
| Other, n (%) | 7368 (11.3) | 1508 (15.2) | 2393 (11.9) | 2056 (10.9) | 901 (8.8) | 510 (8.4) |
| Education | ||||||
| Degree or equivalent qualification | 10 340 (15.9) | 735 (7.4) | 2431 (12.1) | 3206 (16.9) | 2250 (22.0) | 1718 (28.5) |
| Other | 32 969 (50.5) | 4797 (48.5) | 10 080 (50.1) | 9663 (51.1) | 5316 (51.9) | 3113 (51.6) |
| No qualifications | 21 917 (33.6) | 4365 (44.1) | 7621 (37.9) | 6047 (32.0) | 2678 (26.1) | 1206 (20.0) |
| Fruit & vegetable consumption | ||||||
| Mean portions of fruit, n (SD) | 2.3 (2.0) | 0.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.8) | 2.5 (1.0) | 3.8 (1.2) | 6.1 (2.7) |
| Mean portions of vegetables, n (SD) | 1.5 (1.2) | 0.3 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.9) | 2.2 (1.1) | 3.1 (1.8) |
| Cigarette smoking | ||||||
| Current Smoker, n (%) | 13 432 (20.6) | 3860 (39.0) | 4897 (24.3) | 2910 (15.4) | 1137 (11.1) | 628 (10.4) |
| Ex-regular smoker, n (%) | 20 130 (30.9) | 2526 (25.5) | 6235 (31.0) | 6035 (31.9) | 3381 (33.0) | 1953 (32.4) |
| Never regular smoker, n (%) | 31 546 (48.4) | 3471 (35.1) | 8964 (44.5) | 9949 (52.6) | 5712 (55.8) | 3450 (57.1) |
| Missing, n (%) | 118 (0.2) | 40 (0.4) | 36 (0.2) | 22 (0.1) | 14 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) |
| BMI | ||||||
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 | 27.7 (5.0) | 27.7 (5.2) | 27.7 (4.9) | 27.7 (4.9) | 27.6 (4.9) | 27.6 (4.9) |
| <20, n (%) | 1560 (2.4) | 327 (3.3) | 494 (2.5) | 410 (2.2) | 206 (2.0) | 123 (2.0) |
| 20–24.9, n (%) | 15 970 (24.5) | 2344 (23.7) | 4810 (23.9) | 4647 (24.6) | 2589 (25.3) | 1580 (26.2) |
| 25–29.9, n (%) | 23 168 (35.5) | 3276 (33.1) | 7190 (35.7) | 6796 (35.9) | 3724 (36.4) | 2182 (36.1) |
| ≥30, n (%) | 15 091 (23.1) | 2365 (23.9) | 4700 (23.3) | 4327 (22.9) | 2333 (22.8) | 1366 (22.6) |
| Missing | 9437 (14.5) | 1585 (16.0) | 2938 (14.6) | 2736 (14.5) | 1392 (13.6) | 786 (13.0) |
| Physical Activity | ||||||
| Inactive | 2594 (4.0) | 605 (6.1) | 954 (4.7) | 697 (3.7) | 252 (2.5) | 86 (1.4) |
| Light Activity | 2948 (4.5) | 541 (5.5) | 955 (4.7) | 852 (4.5) | 433 (4.2) | 167 (2.8) |
| Moderate Activity | 13 658 (20.9) | 2175 (22.0) | 4350 (21.6) | 3863 (20.4) | 2058 (20.1) | 1212 (20.1) |
| Vigorous Activity | 5709 (8.8) | 583 (5.9) | 1426 (7.1) | 1697 (9.0) | 1170 (11.4) | 833 (13.8) |
| Missing | 40 317 (61.8) | 5993 (60.6) | 12 447 (61.8) | 11 807 (62.4) | 6331 (61.8) | 3739 (61.9) |
| Alcohol Intake | ||||||
| Non-drinker or drank no alcohol in preceding 7days | 21 275 (32.6) | 3627 (36.6) | 6541 (32.5) | 6007 (31.8) | 3151 (30.8) | 1949 (32.3) |
| Drank under daily limit* | 21 047 (32.3) | 2322 (23.5) | 6217 (30.9) | 6556 (34.7) | 3767 (36.8) | 2185 (36.2) |
| Drank over daily limit but less than double the daily limit* | 13 639 (20.9) | 1909 (19.3) | 4170 (20.7) | 4091 (21.6) | 2190 (21.4) | 1279 (21.2) |
| Drank over double the daily limit* | 8497 (13.0) | 1855 (18.7) | 2940 (14.6) | 2092 (11.1) | 1031 (10.1) | 579 (9.6) |
| Missing | 768 (1.2) | 184 (1.9) | 264 (1.3) | 170 (0.9) | 105 (1.0) | 45 (0.7) |
| Mortality | ||||||
| Died, n (%) | 4399 (6.7) | 815 (8.2) | 1581 (7.9) | 1218 (6.4) | 538 (5.3) | 247 (4.1) |
| Died of cancer, n (%) | 1398 (2.1) | 246 (2.5) | 480 (2.4) | 394 (2.1) | 184 (1.8) | 94 (1.6) |
| Died of CVD, n (%) | 1554 (2.4) | 265 (2.7) | 550 (2.7) | 448 (2.4) | 208 (2.0) | 83 (1.4) |
| Median follow-up, months | 92 | 96 | 92 | 91 | 90 | 91 |
*Daily limit is 3 units for women; 4 units for men. Double daily limit is 6 units for women; 8 units for men.
CVD, cardiovascular disease.