Table 2.
miRNA regulation of lipid metabolism and macrophages, ECs and VSMCs functions
| Cell type/processes | ncRNA | mRNA target | Function | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lipid Metabolism | miR-33a/b | ABCA1, ABCG1, CPT1A, CROT, HADHB | Cholesterol efflux, fatty acid β-oxidation | (33, 37) |
| miR-144, miR-758, miR-106 | ABCA1 | Cholesterol efflux | (34-36) | |
| miR-30c | MTP, LPGAT1 | Cholesterol synthesis, lipoprotein secretion | (41) | |
| lnc APOA1-AS | APOA1 gene cluster | Epigenetic modulation of APOA1 expression | (113) | |
| Macrophages | miR-155 | LX1, CD36 CD68, MyD88, BCL6 | Lipid uptake and inflammation | (97-99) |
| miR-125a-5p | ORP9 | Lipid uptake and inflammation | (96) | |
| miR-146a | TLR4 | TH1 response | (100) | |
| miR-147 | Inflammation | (101) | ||
| miR-9 | PPARδ | Inflammation | (95) | |
| miR-342-5p | AKT1 | Inflammation | ||
| lncCox2 | ?? | Inflammation | (115) | |
| VSMCs | miR-21 | TPM1, PDCD4, PPARα | Proliferation, migration and apoptosis | (70-72) |
| miR-143/145 | KLF4, KLF5, ELK-1 | Phenotype switching, podosome formation | (73-76) | |
| miR-146a | ||||
| miR-1/33 | KLF4, Sp-1 | Proliferation | (79-81) | |
| miR-221/222 | p27, p57, c-kit, | Proliferation, migration and apoptosis | (84, 85) | |
| miR-29 | ELN | Elastin formation | (82, 83) | |
| miR-208 | p21 | Proliferation | (86) | |
| let-7d | KRAS | Proliferation | (88) | |
| let-7g | LOX-1 | Proliferation and migration | (89, (90) | |
| miR-132 | LRRFIP1 | Proliferation | (87) | |
| miR-133a | RUNX2 | Osteogenic differentiation | (92) | |
| miR-181a | OPN | Adhesion and oseopontin formation | (93) | |
| lnc ANRIL | ?? | Strong risk factor for athero, proliferation, adhesion, apoptosis | (103-105), (108) | |
| lnc-Ang362 | miR-221/222 | Proliferation | (25) | |
| ECs | miR-126 | SPRED1, VCAM-1 | Monocyte adhesion | (42) |
| miR-19-92 miR-17-3p, miR-31 | ICAM-1, SELE | Inflammation | (45) | |
| miR-92a | eNOS, KLF2, KLF4, SOCS5 | vasodilation, inflammation | (60), (61) | |
| miR-155, miR-221/222 | eNOS, ETS-1 | Inflammation | (54, 55) | |
| miR-712 | TIMP3 | Inflammation | (58) | |
| miR-10 | VCAM-1, SELE | Inflammation | (50) | |
| miR-181b | KPNA4 (importin-a3) | Inflammation | (42) | |
| miR-27 | SEMA6A | EC adhesion, angiogenesis | (65, 66) | |
| miR-34a, miR-217 | SIRT-1 | Senescence | (67), (68) | |
| miR-146 | HuR, NOX4 | EC activation, aging | (53), (69) | |
| let-7g | CASP-3, SIRT-1, TGF-β | Apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis | (90), (91) | |
| NAT sONE | eNOS | Reduces eNOS expression | (110, 111) | |
| lnc Tie-As | TIE-1 | Vascular integrity, inflammation | (112) |