Table 2.
Cytokines released during pancreatic injury
| Cytokine | Expressed by | Acts on |
| GM-CSF | Acini[194] | Neutrophils[231], MDSCs[194] |
| IL-1β | Acini[104,238], activated macrophages[237], neutrophils[236] | Macrohpage (inhibition)[227] |
| IL-6 | Acini[239], monocytes[30], macrophages[30], endothelial cells[30] fibroblasts[30], smooth muscle cells[30], IL-1b[30], TNFα[30] | CRP[228,229], T-lymphocyte[30], DCs (inhibition)[174] |
| IL-8 | Acini[105], IL-1[241], TNFα[241], macrophages[241], neutrophils[235] | Neutrophils[223] |
| IL-10 | Acini[240], Treg[233] | T-lymphocytes (inhibition)[233], DCs (inhibition)[174], macrophages (inhibition)[232,234] |
| IL-12 | Activated macrophages[231], dendritic cells[30] | NKCs[231] |
| IL-33 | Acini[105] | Mast cells[103] |
| KC | Acini[105], monocytes and neutrophils[250] | Neutrophils[225] |
| MCP-1 | Acini[105] | Macrophages[230] |
| MIP-2 | Acini[105], activated macrophages and neutrophils[93] | Neutrophils[224] |
| TNFα | Acini[105], activated macrophages[99], neutrophils[236], mast cells[226] | Neutrophils[226], NKC[231] |
IL: Interleukin; MCP-1: Monocyte chemotactic protein-1; MIP-2: Macrophage inflammatory protein 2; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor-α; MDSC: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell; NKC: Natural killer cell; DC: Dendritic cells.