Anti-angiogenic effects after treatment with anti-angiogenic agents.
Notes: (A) Complete regression of SIVs upon treatment with VEGFR inhibitors (each compound was evaluated at NOEC or LOEC concentrations in three independent experiments with 20 embryos/concentration and continuous compound exposure for 72 hours). All data points are represented as mean ± SEM. (B) Effect on SIV length and basket after treatment with anti-angiogenic agent (sorafenib, 1 μM). Complete absence of SIVs (*) along with loss of intersegmental vessels. (C) Effect on SIV length and basket upon treatment with flavopiridol (2 μM). Partial regression of SIVs (arrow). Vessels stained with lectin injections (Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugate; Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA): 2 nL of 5 mg/mL in developing embryonic pumping heart at 72 hpf. Scale bar denotes 20 μm.
Abbreviations: SIV, subintestinal vessel; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; NOEC, no observed effect concentration; LOEC, lowest observed effect concentration; SEM, standard error of the mean; hpf, hours post-fertilization.