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. 2014 Feb 1;9(3):301–307. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.128228

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Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Acupuncture effects on the ultrastructure in the ventral tegmental area of heroin relapse rats (transmission electron microscopy, × 10,000).

(A) Normal group: normal ribosomes, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum in the ventral tegmental area. Arrows show endoplasmic reticulum. (B) Model group: reduced number of ribosomes, decreased number of mitochondria, partial vacuolar degeneration, and expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum. Arrows show nuclear membranes and mitochondria. (C) Methadone group: clear nuclear membranes, abundant ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum, and a few vacuolar mitochondria. Arrows show vacuolar mitochondria and ribosomes. (D) Acupuncture group: clear nuclear membranes, abundant uniform ribosomes, a few vacuolar mitochondria, and lightly expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum. Arrows show nuclear membranes and mitochondria.