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. 2014 Feb 1;9(3):301–307. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.128228

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Copyright: © Neural Regeneration Research

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Acupuncture effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) expression in the ventral tegmental area of heroin relapse rats (immunohistochemical staining, × 20).

Arrows show BDNF or GDNF expression. (A, E) Normal group: BDNF or GDNF expression was visible in the tissue. (B, F) Model group: BDNF or GDNF expression was increased after heroin relapse. In the methadone group (C, G) and acupuncture group (D, H), BDNF or GDNF expression was noticeably increased. Moreover, BDNF expression was greater in the acupuncture group than that in the methadone group.