Table 4.
Mean standard and raw scores for intervention and comparison children on tests of phonological awareness, alphabetic knowledge, and vocabulary
| Variable | Intervention group | Comparison group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pretest | Posttest | Pretest | Posttest | |
| Standard scores | ||||
| TOPEL-Phonological Awareness | 85.12 (16.36) | 93.00 (17.99) | 84.57 (19.22) | 85.48 (18.28) |
| WJ Letter-Word Identification | 101.04 (12.68) | 104.44 (16.14) | 109.15 (13.53) | 110.55 (14.79) |
| Expressive One Word Vocabulary | 78.79 (13.02) | 84.64 (15.70) | 82.31 (13.49) | 84.47 (14.63) |
| WJ Vocabulary | 91.00 (14.64) | 96.76 (10.69) | 94.99 (16.29) | 94.06 (10.90) |
| Peabody Picture Vocabulary | 81.72 (14.43) | 86.60 (16.40) | 81.76 (13.86) | 86.01 (14.30) |
| Raw scores | ||||
| TOPEL-Phonological Awareness | 10.92 (4.86) | 16.28 (6.11) | 10.33 (7.68) | 12.36 (7.64) |
| Phonological Awareness Test | 3.92 (4.33) | 19.36 (9.47) | 7.52 (8.34) | 14.88 (9.69) |
| Letter–sound Identification | 4.80 (5.53) | 16.32 (4.89) | 9.39 (9.12) | 14.85 (10.27) |
| WJ Letter-Word Identification | 7.96 (4.61) | 12.48 (6.29) | 12.67 (6.75) | 17.15 (8.68) |
| Expressive One Word Vocabulary | 29.44 (10.24) | 40.88 (11.85) | 35.85 (11.70) | 42.12 (11.85) |
| WJ Vocabulary | 10.84 (3.8) | 13.96 (2.79) | 12.70 (3.97) | 13.82 (2.98) |
| Peabody Picture Vocabulary | 47.08 (16.41) | 63.32 (21.12) | 51.55 (17.51) | 65.79 (20.06) |
Note. TOPEL = Test of Preschool Emergent Literacy. Intervention children (n = 25); comparison children (n = 33). All tests had a mean standard score = 100; SD = 15 for the norming hearing sample. Standard deviations appear in parentheses.