Table 2.
Adjusted outcomes of pediatric patients with TBI hospitalized in the U.S. in select states in 2001, 2004, 2007, and 2010
| Rehabilitation* |
Mortality |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State | N | Crude % | RR | 95% CI | Crude % | RR | 95% CI |
| Arkansas | 668 | 5.4 | 1.92 | 0.68–5.37 | 6.0 | 1.47 | 0.94–2.31 |
| Arizona | 5092 | 5.2 | 2.19 | 1.31–3.66 | 2.8 | 0.94 | 0.74–1.20 |
| California† | 9948 | ND | ND | ND | 3.2 | Referent | Referent |
| Colorado | 3424 | 3.8 | 1.35 | 0.77–2.38 | 4.2 | 1.06 | 0.85–1.33 |
| Florida | 10,693 | 2.5 | Referent | Referent | 4.8 | 1.34 | 1.10–1.64 |
| Iowa | 1599 | 4.9 | 1.82 | 1.07–3.10 | 4.1 | 1.35 | 0.91–2.01 |
| Kentucky | 1711 | 10.5 | 3.59 | 2.01–6.43 | 4.6 | 1.21 | 0.85–1.72 |
| Massachusetts | 2398 | 6.0 | 2.35 | 1.33–4.16 | 3.4 | 1.09 | 0.82–1.46 |
| Maryland | 3843 | 6.9 | 2.50 | 1.51–4.15 | 3.5 | 1.21 | 0.93–1.56 |
| Maine† | 177 | 0.0 | ND | ND | 5.7 | 1.17 | 0.55–2.50 |
| Mississippi | 235 | 6.0 | 2.19 | 0.87–5.50 | 4.1 | 1.40 | 0.93–2.10 |
| Nevada | 1399 | 5.9 | 2.16 | 1.31–3.56 | 4.2 | 1.03 | 0.63–1.68 |
| New Jersey | 5688 | 4.0 | 2.04 | 1.26–3.31 | 2.2 | 0.99 | 0.78–1.24 |
| New York | 9087 | 2.3 | 1.12 | 0.74–1.71 | 2.4 | 0.98 | 0.76–1.26 |
| North Carolina | 4137 | 9.3 | 3.07 | 2.07–4.56 | 5.8 | 1.35 | 1.11–1.65 |
| Oregon | 2461 | 3.8 | 1.44 | 0.99–2.10 | 3.5 | 1.04 | 0.87–1.24 |
| Rhode Island† | 165 | 0.0 | ND | ND | 6.7 | 1.19 | 0.93–1.52 |
| Utah | 2579 | 3.6 | 1.44 | 0.71–2.93 | 3.5 | 1.16 | 0.92–1.46 |
| Vermont† | 167 | 0.6 | ND | ND | 5.4 | 1.40 | 1.05–1.87 |
| Washington | 2943 | 5.1 | 1.76 | 1.13–2.75 | 4.2 | 1.16 | 0.91–1.46 |
| Wisconsin | 1479 | 6.4 | 2.26 | 1.21–4.21 | 3.2 | 0.91 | 0.72–1.15 |
| West Virginia | 1573 | 3.5 | 1.33 | 0.85–2.09 | 4.5 | 1.33 | 0.95–1.87 |
| Severity of TBI | |||||||
| Minor | 7044 | 0.8 | Referent | Referent | 0.1 | Referent | Referent |
| Moderate | 27,226 | 1.3 | 1.68 | 1.21–2.35 | 0.3 | 3.21 | 1.42–7.26 |
| Serious | 24,905 | 6.0 | 7.54 | 5.49–10.35 | 4.6 | 51.83 | 23.37–114.95 |
| Severe | 11,150 | 6.7 | 9.18 | 6.64–12.71 | 5.8 | 65.28 | 29.43–144.81 |
| Critical/unsurvivable | 1151 | 26.7 | 26.90 | 18.77–38.56 | 66.5 | 695.37 | 314.4–1537.97 |
| Type of Insurance | |||||||
| Government | 24,511 | 3.5 | Referent | Referent | 3.9 | Referent | Referent |
| Private | 41,197 | 4.4 | 1.01 | 0.91–1.11 | 3.3 | 0.91 | 0.84–0.99 |
| Uninsured | 5768 | 1.5 | 0.32 | 0.24–0.44 | 5.2 | 1.32 | 1.16–1.50 |
| Age Group (y) | |||||||
| 0–4 | 17,959 | 1.3 | Referent | Referent | 3.5 | Referent | Referent |
| 5–9 | 8718 | 1.9 | 1.50 | 1.28–1.75 | 2.4 | 0.80 | 0.69–0.93 |
| 10–14 | 13,076 | 2.9 | 2.48 | 2.11–2.92 | 2.4 | 0.83 | 0.73–0.94 |
| 15–19 | 31,723 | 6.3 | 5.29 | 4.10–6.82 | 4.6 | 1.25 | 1.13–1.37 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; ND, no data; RR, relative risk; U.S., United States.
*
Rehabilitation % uses only alive patients for denominator.
†
California had no possible code for discharge to rehabilitation; Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont had possible codes for discharge to rehabilitation, but 0 entries or 1 entry.