Table 3.

Baseline sleep variables predict alcohol symptoms at a 1-, 3-, and 5-year follow-ups in adolescents without AUDs at baseline.

	1-year follow-up				3-year follow-up				5-year follow-up
Predictor variable	β	t-value	p	ΔR2	β	t-value	p	ΔR2	β	t-value	p	ΔR2
Step 1				0.08				0.25				0.06
Alcohol symptoms, baseline	0.26	4.05	<0.001		0.44	6.83	<0.001		0.18	2.55	0.012
Sex (Male)	0.05	0.70	0.484		−0.13	−1.96	0.018		−0.13	−1.78	0.077
Age	0.10	1.55	0.123		0.15	2.40	0.051		0.08	1.09	0.278
Step 2				0.00				0.00				0.01
Depression, baselinea	0.04	0.51	0.610		0.05	0.71	0.477		0.10	1.31	0.192
Step 3				0.04				0.03				0.03
Insomnia, baseline	0.21	2.88	0.004		−0.01	−0.16	0.875		−0.13	−1.63	0.104
Hypersomnia, baseline	0.08	1.11	0.267		0.14	0.20	0.844		−0.01	−0.16	0.877
Sleep variability, baseline	−0.03	−0.42	0.672		0.18	2.67	0.008		0.16	2.13	0.035

Note:

^aThree participants (one AUD− and two AUD+) were missing BDI data, resulting in n=348 for AUD− and n=345 for AUD+