Table 3. Perioperative use of novel oral anticoagulants*.

Risk of surgery	Dabigatran (pradaxa™)			Rivaroxaban (xarelto™)			Apixaban (eliquis™)
	CrCl >50 mL/min	CrCl 30-50 mL/min*		CrCl >50 mL/min	CrCl 30-50 mL/min*		CrCl >50 mL/min	CrCl 30-50 mL/min*
Low
Hold	2 days (2 doses)	2 days (4 doses)		2 days (1 dose)	2 days (1 dose)		2 days (2 doses)	2 days (2 doses)
Resume	1 day after	1 day after		1 day after	1 day after		1 day after	1 day after
High
Hold	3 days (4 doses)	5 days (8 doses)		3 days (2 doses)	3 days (2 doses)		3 days (4 doses)	3 day (4 doses)
Resume	2-3 days after	2-3 days after		2-3 days after	2-3 days after		2-3 days after	2-3 days after

NOAC, new oral anticoagulant; CrCl, creatinine clearance. *, Doses for reduced renal function as described in Table 1. Adapted from Spyropoulos et al.