Alternative primers UNFOR403 and COWREV 371 used in place of Cow371F, showing a 623-bp control band for all vertebrate species and a 313-bp cow-specific band. Lanes 1–5, Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes fed on animal blood of known origin. Lane 1, human (623 bp, 334 bp); lane 2, cow (623 bp, 313 bp); lane 3, dog (680 bp); lane 4, goat (623 bp, 132 bp); lane 5, pig (623 bp, 453 bp); lane 6, unfed An. stephensi control; lane 7, negative control. Outside lanes are 100-basepair DNA ladders. bp =basepairs.