Table 1.
Stem cells used for experimental neuropathic pain treatment.
| Cell source | Delivery site | Number of cells | Model of NP and species | Effect on pain | Author and year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neural stem cells | |||||
| NSC (mouse) | Intravenous | 1, 2, 3 × 106 | CCI (mouse) | Improvement of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia | Franchi et al., 2012 [10] |
| NSC (rat) | Intrathecal | 1 × 106 | CCI (rat) | Improvement of thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia | Xu et al., 2013 [21] |
| NSC + OEC (rat) | Injury site | 3 × 105 | SCI (rat) | Cotransplantation improves sensory function | Luo et al., 2013 [22] |
| NPC (mouse) | Injury site | 4 × 105 | SCI (rat) | No effect on pain (allodynia) | Karimi-Abdolrezaee et al., 2010 [23] |
| NPC (rat) | Injury site | 1 × 105 | SCI (rat) | Induction of allodynia | Hofstetter et al., 2005 [24] |
| NSC (mouse) | Injury site | 1 × 105 | SCI (rat) | Induction of thermal and mechanical forelimb allodynia | Macias et al., 2006 [25] |
| Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells | |||||
| MSC (rat) | Intraganglionic (DRG) | 2 × 105 | SLNC (rat) | Prevention of mechanical and thermal allodynia | Musolino et al., 2007 [39] |
| MSC (rat) | Injection in the hind limb skeletal muscle | 1 × 106 | STZ-induced diabetes (rat) | Improvement of hypoalgesia | Shibata et al., 2008 [41] |
| MSC (human) | Lateral cerebral ventricle | 5 × 104 | SNI (mouse) | Improvement of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia | Siniscalco et al., 2010 [43] |
| MSC (human) | Intravenous | 2 × 106 | SNI (mouse) | Improvement of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia | Siniscalco et al., 2011 [44] |
| MSC2 (human) | Intraperitoneal | 5 × 105, 1 × 106 | STZ-induced diabetes (mouse) | Improvement of mechanical allodynia and heat hypoalgesia | Waterman et al., 2012 [45] |
| Adipose tissue derived-mesenchymal stem cells | |||||
| ASC (human) | Intravenous | 5 × 105, 1 × 106 | CCI (mouse) | Improvement of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia | Sacerdote et al., 2013 [46] |
| ATSC/core shell particle-treated ATSC (human) |
Intrathecal | Not indicated | SCI (mouse) | Improvement of mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia | In Choi et al., 2013 [49] |
| Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells | |||||
| UCB-MSC (human) |
Injury site | 1 × 106 | SCI (rat) | Tendency to reduce mechanical allodynia | Roh et al., 2013 [51] |
| (HUMSCs) isolated from Wharton's jelly (human) | Injury site | 5 × 105 | SCI (rat) | Locomotor recovery | Yang et al., 2008 [52] |
| Bone marrow derived mononuclear cells | |||||
| Marrow mononuclear cells (rat) | Intravenous | 1 × 107 | CCI (rat) | Improvement of thermal and mechanical allodynia | Klass et al., 2007 [53] |
| BM-MNC (rat) | Injected into 10 points in the unilateral femoral quadriceps, femoral biceps, and soleus muscles | 1 × 106 | STZ-induced diabetes (rat) | Improvement of mechanical and thermal allodynia | Naruse et al., 2011 [54] |