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. 2014 Aug 28;5:200. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00200

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Copyright © 2014 Toyokuni.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Molecular mechanism of ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced oxidative damage of renal proximal tubules after a single intraperitoneal injection. This depends on two distinct characteristics of renal proximal tubular lumina: paucity of antioxidattive proteins such as albumin and reductive environment through the presence of L-cysteine with GSH cycles.