Table 3.
Occurrence of all DSM-IV disorders and school refusal in children/adolescents with a primary anxiety disorder, as measured by the ADIS-C/P.
|
Children |
Adolescents |
Statistic | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n=28) | Female (n=56) | All (n=84) | Male (n=24) | Female (n=60) | All (n=84) | (children vs adolescents) | ||
| Anxiety disorder | SAD | 9 (32%) | 28 (50%) | 37 (44%) | 5 (21%) | 10 (17%) | 15 (18%) | χ²(1)=13.48, p<.001 |
| Social anxiety disorder | 9 (32%) | 29 (52%) | 38 (45%) | 14 (58%) | 30 (50%) | 44 (52%) | χ²(1)=0.86, p=.35 | |
| GAD | 12 (43%) | 29 (52%) | 41 (49%) | 12 (50%) | 34 (57%) | 46 (55%) | χ²(1)=0.60, p=.44 | |
| Specific phobia | 8 (29%) | 22 (39%) | 30 (36%) | 8 (33%) | 18 (30%) | 26 (31%) | χ²(1)=0.43, p=.51 | |
| PD w/o agoraphobia | 1 (4%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (7%) | 5 (6%) | – | |
| PD with agoraphobia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (13%) | 4 (7%) | 7 (8%) | – | |
| Agoraphobia w/o PD | 1 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (4%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | – | |
| PTSD | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (2%) | 1 (1%) | – | |
| OCD | 2 (7%) | 3 (5%) | 5 (6%) | 0 | 7 (12%) | 7 (8%) | – | |
| ADNOS | 2 (7%) | 3 (5%) | 5 (6%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| Total anxiety disorders | 44 | 123 | 167 | 44 | 109 | 153 | ||
| Anxiety disorders (mean [SD]) | 1.61 [.96] | 2.20 [1.20] | 2.00 [1.15] | 1.83 [.82] | 1.82 [.79] | 1.82 [.79] | t(166)=1.17, p=.24 | |
| CSR for anxiety | 4 (moderate) | 19 (43%) | 48 (39%) | 67 (40%) | 12 (27%) | 18 (16%) | 30 (20%) | – |
| disorder | 5 (moderate) | 8 (18%) | 41 (33%) | 49 (29%) | 15 (34%) | 47 (43%) | 62 (40%) | – |
| 6 (severe) | 15 (34%) | 31 (25%) | 46 (28%) | 12 (27%) | 29 (27%) | 41 (27%) | – | |
| 7 (severe) | 2 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 5 (12%) | 15 (14%) | 20 (13%) | – | |
| 8 (very severe) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| CSR (mean [SD]) | 5.00 (.99) | 4.91 (.86) | 4.93 (.89) | 5.23 (.99) | 5.38 (.92) | 5.33 (.94) | t(318)= −3.90, p<.001 | |
| Mood disorder | MDD | 1 (4%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 3 (13%) | 5 (8%) | 8 (10%) | – |
| Dysthymic disorder | 2 (7%) | 3 (5%) | 5 (6%) | 5 (21%) | 11 (18%) | 16 (19%) | – | |
| Total mood disorder | 3 | 3 | 6 | 8 | 16 | 24 | χ²(1)=13.15, p<.001 | |
| Other | Selective mutism | 0 | 1 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | – |
| ODD | 1 (4%) | 4 (7%) | 5 (6%) | 1 (4%) | 4 (7%) | 5 (6%) | – | |
| Conduct disorder | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | |
| ADHD | 2 (7%) | 3 (5%) | 5 (6%) | 1 (4%) | 2 (3%) | 3 (4%) | – | |
| School refusal | 1 (20%) | 5 (9%) | 6 (7%) | 5 (21%) | 10 (17%) | 15 (18%) | χ²(1)=4.41, p=.04 | |
Note: CSR=Clinical Severity Rating, SAD=separation anxiety disorder, PD=panic disorder, GAD=generalized anxiety disorder, PTSD=post-traumatic stress disorder, OCD=obsessive-compulsive disorder, ADNOS=anxiety disorder not otherwise specified, MDD=major depressive disorder, ODD=oppositional defiant disorder, ADHD=attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.