(A) In vitro latent HIV activation using bryostatin 1-loaded AH vaults on J-Lat 10.6 cells for 48 h. In these assays 50 nM bryostatin 1 compound (without vaults) was used as a positive control and induced GFP expression in 30.6% (±0.6%) of cells. Error bars indicate ±1 SD (N = 3). NS not significant, **p < 0.0001 empty vault vs vault + bryostatin 1 (2-sided t test). (B) In vitro stimulation of CD69 (HIV provirus latency activation biomarker) activation using bryostatin 1-loaded AH vaults on primary human PBMCs for 24 h. Positive control stimulations with 50 nM bryostatin 1 compound (without vaults) induced CD69 expression in 69.4% (±31.3%) of cells. Error bars indicate ±1 SD (N = 4 different cell donors). NS not significant, *p < 0.01 empty vault vs vault + bryostatin 1 (2-sided t test). (C) In vivo CD69 stimulation from harvested C57/bl6 mouse splenocytes at 24 h postinjection of either media control, bryostatin 1, bryostatin 1-loaded AH vaults, or empty AH vaults. Error bars indicate ±1 SD (3–5 mice per group).