Fig. 9.

Influx assays under applied $(\mathrm{\Delta }{\bar{\mu }}_H^{+})$ (inside negative and alkaline). (a) Influx assays in proteoliposomes at different concentrations of 4-HB as shown. (b) Comparison of data from proteoliposomes (PL) to control experiments in the absence of protein (L). Traces are the mean of at least two replicates with error bars omitted for clarity.