Table 4. Mother’s action in protecting the child from SHS exposure, and mother’s advice and support in helping father to quit pre- and post-legislation.
| Pre-legislation 2005n(%) | Post-legislation 2007–2008n(%) | Adjusted odds ratios(95% CI) | p-value for the adjusted odds ratios | |
| Protecting child from SHS exposure, among those mothers whose children were exposed to secondhand smoke | (n = 191) | (n = 51) | ||
| Took the child away from smoke | 12(6.3) | 47(92.2) | 325.29(40.21, 2631.69) | <0.01 |
| Opened the window | 186(97.4) | 44(86.3) | 0.05(0.006, 0.43) | 0.01 |
| Placed a ‘No-Smoking’ sign at home | 1(0.5) | 9(17.6) | 21.01(2.13, 207.54) | 0.01 |
| Advised father to reduce smoking | 185(96.9) | 47(92.2) | 0.70(0.06, 8.81) | 0.78 |
| Advised father to avoid smoking at home | 168(88.0) | 45(88.2) | 2.21(0.59, 8.21) | 0.24 |
| Advised father to avoid smoking near the child | 132(69.1) | 44(86.3) | 3.68(1.15, 11.75) | 0.03 |
| Number of mothers’ advice to the fathers to quit in past month, all mothers | (n = 219) | (n = 183) | 2.23(1.32, 3.78) | <0.01 |
| Never | 75(34.2) | 65(35.9) | ||
| Advised 1–3 times | 126(57.5) | 56(30.9) | ||
| Advised 4–6 times | 14(6.4) | 20(11.0) | ||
| Advised 7–9 times | 3(1.4) | 6(3.3) | ||
| Advised more than 9 times | 1(0.5) | 34(18.8) | ||
| Content of smoking cessation advice, among those mothers who advised fathers to quit | (n = 144) | (n = 116) | ||
| Reminded him about the benefit to the child’s health | 55(38.5) | 63(54.3) | 1.64(0.82, 3.30) | 0.16 |
| Reminded him that smoking can lead to death | 37(25.9) | 37(31.9) | 1.31(0.62, 2.77) | 0.49 |
| Reminded him that quit smoking can save money | 41(28.7) | 32(27.6) | 0.73(0.34, 1.56) | 0.41 |
| Mothers’ action to help fathers quit, among those mothers who advised the fathers to quit | (n = 144) | (n = 116) | ||
| Any action done | 33(23.1) | 31(26.7) | 1.22(0.56, 2.67) | 0.62 |
| Set a quit date for him | 1(0.7) | 5(4.3) | 5.44(0.55, 53.53) | 0.15 |
| Removed all the smoking-related utensils | 9(7.8) | 9(6.3) | 0.97(0.27, 3.45) | 0.96 |
| Placed a ‘no-smoking’ sign at home | 1(0.7) | 7(6.0) | 6.79(0.51, 91.17) | 0.15 |
| Requested others not to smoke near the father | 9(6.3) | 5(4.3) | 1.72(0.23, 12.83) | 0.60 |
| Gave father smoking cessation booklet | 19(13.3) | 8(6.9) | 0.36(0.12, 1.14) | 0.08 |
| Advised to seek professional help | 2(1.4) | 9(7.8) | 10.05(1.47, 68.60) | 0.02 |
| Discussed with father of needs in quitting | 1(0.7) | 10(8.6) | 1.64(0.82, 3.30) | 0.16 |
| Mothers’ support in helping fathers quit, among those who advised fathers to quit | (n = 144) | (n = 116) | ||
| Any support given | 40(28.2) | 36(31.9) | 1.06(0.50, 2.24) | 0.88 |
| Complimented father when he did not smoke | 11(7.7) | 21(18.6) | 3.55(1.17, 10.76) | 0.02 |
| Congratulated him for decided to quit | 2(1.4) | 4(3.5) | 3.29(0.27, 39.47) | 0.35 |
| Helped father to think of substitutes for cigarettes | 30(21.1) | 7(6.2) | 0.35(0.12, 1.05) | 0.06 |
| Comforted father when he was feeling stressed or irritated | 9(6.3) | 6(5.3) | 0.64(0.14, 2.96) | 0.57 |
| Expressed confidence in father’s ability to quit/remain quitting | 5(3.5) | 2(1.8) | 0.10(0.01, 1.86) | 0.12 |
| Expressed pleasure at father’s effort to quit | 6(4.2) | 9(8.0) | 1.80(0.38, 8.49) | 0.45 |
| Helped father to use substitutes for cigarettes | 19(13.4) | 1(0.9) | 0.07(0.01, 0.59) | 0.02 |
Remark: Values are number (%). For all regression models, odds ratios and regression coefficients were adjusted by age (father, mother & child), father’s education level, years of father smoking, father’s perceived health status, child’s consultation to doctor past month, household income level and number of children at home. Missing data were excluded from analysis.