Table 5. Factors associated with mortality in patients with COPD and pneumonia: multivariate analysis.

Variable	OR	95% confidence interval	p value
>65 years old	1.374	0.454–4.157	0.573
Chronic oral steroids	2.454	0.816–7.380	0.110
Chronic renal disease	2.211	0.573–8.531	0.249
Dementia	1.887	0.439–8.113	0.394
Multilobar pneumonia	2.883	1.299–6.399	0.009
Bacteremia	0.529	0.160–1.756	0.298
Septic shock	2.574	0.886–7.476	0.082
Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia	19.091	4.326–84.256	<0.001
Inappropriate empirical treatment	2.334	0.711–7.657	0.162
Cardiac complications	2.594	0.824–8.172	0.103
High-risk PSI classes	10.316	1.691–62.946	0.011
Metabolic complications	1.349	0.243–7.500	0.732
Nosocomial infection	0.484	0.067–3.486	0.471
Pneumococcal vaccine	0.232	0.072–0.754	0.015

COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OR: odds ratio; PSI, pneumonia severity index.