TABLE 1.

Demographic and neuropsychological test data for TBI and control groups

	Comparison		TBI
Variable or test	M	SD	M	SD	t	p	d
Age (in years)	30.72	10.10	30.94	10.03	–0.07	.948	0.02
Education (in years)	13.67	2.63	13.11	1.84	0.73	.469	0.16
Attention & processing speed
SDMT Written	59.28	11.45	47.50	12.02	3.01*	.005	1.03
SDMT Oral	67.72	12.92	56.83	14.88	2.35*	.025	0.81
TMT A (s)	23.11	6.05	29.94	12.37	–2.11*	.046	0.72
Learning & memory
CVLT 1-5	53.72	8.56	41.94	18.15	2.49*	.020	0.85
CVLT LDFR	11.72	2.40	8.12	4.74	2.81*	.010	0.96
Executive ability
TMT B (s)	50.28	18.67	79.22	62.28	–1.89	.074	0.65
WCST Perseverative Errors	6.06	2.49	7.94	6.57	–1.11	.278	0.39

Note. Table displays raw values, test statistics, and effect sizes for demographic and neuropsychological test performances. All neuropsychological tests were administered and scored in standard fashion. TBI = traumatic brain injury; SDMT = Symbol Digit Modalities Test; TMT A = Trail Making Test, Part A; CVLT–II = California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition; 1–5 = Learning Trials 1 through 5; LDFR = long-delayed free recall;TMT B = Trail Making Test, Part B; WCST = Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (64-card version).

^*Significant result; p ≤ .05 and q ≤ .05.