Table 1. Characteristics of CADASIL patients and control subjects.
| CADASIL patients (N = 11) | Healthy controls (N = 24) | p-value | |
| Age, mean ± sd, range | 52.1±13.2, 32.1–70.6 | 54.8±11.0, 30.1–71.4 | 0.57 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 4/11 (36%) | 10/24 (42%) | 0.99 |
| Right handed, n (%) | 11/11 (100%) | 24/24 (100%) | 0.99 |
| Level of education (years) | 11.4±3.5 | 13.6±3.6 | 0.10 |
| Neuropsychological tests | |||
| MMSE, mean, median, range | 28.5, 29, 24–30 | 29.0, 29, 26–30 | 0.45 |
| Fluency letter p | 24.1±9.8 | 25.2±7.9 | 0.82 |
| Fluency category | 22.1±6.1 | 22.3±4.4 | 0.75 |
| Clox copy | 14.8±0.4 | 14.8±0.4 | 0.84 |
| Clox spontaneous | 12.8±1.5 | 13.3±1.4 | 0.18 |
| Working memory index | 89.8±11.4 | 101.3±10.0 | 0.005 |
| Apathy scale | 9.6±3.1 | 6.8±2.9 | 0.03 |
| Depression score | 4.9±5.7 | 1.5±2.9 | 0.02 |
| Clinical data | |||
| SBP (mmHg) | 122.3±10.5 | 128±14.8 | 0.35 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.6±5.8 | 77.4±14.5 | 0.90 |
| Active smoking, n (%) | 1/11 (9.1%) | 4/24 (16.7%) | 0.94 |
| Glucose levels (g/l) | 1.03±0.13 | 0.95±0.07 | 0.07 |
| LDL-cholesterol (g/l) | 1.09±0.29 | 1.27±0.29 | 0.18 |
| HDL-cholesterol (g/l) | 0.62±0.13 | 0.64±0.18 | 0.88 |
| Triglycerides (g/l) | 1.30±1.04 | 1.03±0.68 | 0.57 |
| Imaging markers | |||
| BPF | 0.85±0.03 | 0.84±0.03 | 0.32 |
| Mean sulcal width, mean ± sd (mm) | 1.36±0.20 | 1.45±0.24 | 0.23 |
| Mean sulcal depth, mean ± sd (mm) | 13.41±0.84 | 13.76±0.47 | 0.22 |
| White matter lesion volume, mean, median, range in mm3 | 65511.6, 47544, 7249.8–233797.3 | No control had significant lesions | NA |
| Volume of lacunes, mean, median, range in mm3 (n = 5/11, 45%)† | 423.5, 113.1, 14.0–1174.2 | No control had lacunes | NA |
| Number of microhemorrhages, mean, median, range (n = 3/11, 27%)† | 2.3, 1, 1–5 | No control had microhemorrhage | NA |
MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, BPF: Brain Parenchymal Fraction, †in patients with such lesions (number given in parentheses).
NA: not applicable.